{"id":9415,"date":"2018-09-22T07:30:08","date_gmt":"2018-09-22T05:30:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/?p=9415"},"modified":"2020-09-15T13:32:59","modified_gmt":"2020-09-15T11:32:59","slug":"otrava-jidlem-prvni-pomoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/cs\/otrava-jidlem-prvni-pomoc\/","title":{"rendered":"Otrava j\u00eddlem – p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny, p\u0159\u00edznaky + co d\u011blat (prvn\u00ed pomoc)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Otrava j\u00eddlem <\/strong> nen\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd stav<\/strong>, ale um\u00ed n\u00e1s potr\u00e1pit sv\u00fdmi otravn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky. A jeliko\u017e se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed l\u00e9to, potraviny se budou rychleji kazit, dop\u0159ejete si zmrzlinu a hodn\u011b ovoce, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b p\u016fjdete na houby, m\u016f\u017eete se setkat s t\u00edmto probl\u00e9mem.<\/p>\n

Co d\u011blat<\/strong> p\u0159i otrav\u011b j\u00eddlem, jak\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00edznaky<\/strong> a p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny otravy si \u0159ekneme v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n

Co je to otrava j\u00eddlem<\/h2>\n

Otrava j\u00eddlem je stav, kdy doch\u00e1z\u00ed k infikov\u00e1n\u00ed tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu<\/strong> po po\u017eit\u00ed infikovan\u00e9, zka\u017een\u00e9 nebo toxick\u00e9 potraviny. Jedn\u00e1 se o pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dast\u00fd stav. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok se s n\u00edm setk\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 ze 6 lid\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny otravy j\u00eddlem<\/h2>\n

Existuje n\u011bkolik situaci a d\u016fvod\u016f, kter\u00e9 se v\u00e1m mohou postarat o nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 tr\u00e1vic\u00ed probl\u00e9my p\u0159i otrav\u011b j\u00eddlem.<\/p>\n

Nej\u010dast\u011bji jsou to tyto:<\/p>\n

Noroviry<\/h3>\n

Najdete je v syrov\u00e9m ovoci a zelenin\u011b<\/strong>. Nakazit se m\u016f\u017eete tak\u00e9 z m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161\u016f<\/strong> (nap\u0159\u00edklad z mu\u0161l\u00ed a humr\u016f). P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou infekce mohou b\u00fdt i kucha\u0159i<\/strong>, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou nosi\u010di noroviru a p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b potravy nedodr\u017e\u00ed spr\u00e1vnou hygienu.<\/p>\n

Salmonel\u00f3za<\/h3>\n

Bakterie salmonely (Salmonella enterica<\/em>) se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v nedova\u0159en\u00fd j\u00eddlech<\/strong>, syrov\u00fdch vaj\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1ch (majon\u00e9za, zmrzlina, vaje\u010dn\u00fd kr\u00e9m) v nepasterizovan\u00e9m ml\u00e9ce<\/strong>\u00a0a ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdch produktech. Pokud bylo ovoce nebo zelenina pol\u00e9v\u00e1ny\u00a0kontaminovanou vodou<\/strong>, m\u016f\u017eete se nakazit i z nich.<\/p>\n

Salmonel\u00f3za pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00ed infekce<\/strong>. Charakteristick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edznak salmonel\u00f3zy (krom\u011b pr\u016fjm\u016f, teplot a jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f) je zelen\u00e1 stolice<\/strong>. K vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed salmonel\u00f3zy v stolici doch\u00e1z\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f po vyl\u00e9\u010den\u00ed, proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 hygiena, aby nedo\u0161lo k p\u0159enosu na jin\u00e9ho \u010dlena rodiny.<\/p>\n

Clostridium perfringens<\/h3>\n

Pokud jste ned\u016fsledn\u00fd v odkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00eddel<\/strong>, va\u0161e potrava m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zdrojem klostridi\u00ed. Nejn\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou masov\u00e9 pokrmy a masov\u00e9 om\u00e1\u010dky.<\/p>\n

Campylobakter<\/h3>\n

Jedn\u00e1 se o bakterii, kter\u00e1 \u017eije ve st\u0159evech dr\u016fbe\u017ee<\/strong>. Nakazit se m\u016f\u017eete konzumac\u00ed nedova\u0159en\u00e9ho masa nebo p\u0159i kontaktu s infikovanou stolic\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka. K n\u00e1kaze doch\u00e1z\u00ed do 10 dn\u016f od kontaktu s infekc\u00ed<\/strong> a projevuje se pr\u016fjmy a zv\u00fd\u0161enou teplotou.<\/p>\n

Shigella<\/h3>\n

Nej\u010dast\u011bji dojde k p\u0159enosu bakterie p\u0159i myt\u00ed potravy kontaminovanou vodou<\/strong>. Shigella<\/em> se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v p\u0159edp\u0159ipraven\u00e9 zelenin\u011b a ovoci a tak\u00e9 v mo\u0159sk\u00fdch plodech.<\/p>\n

E. coli<\/h3>\n

E. coli<\/em> je bakterie, kter\u00e1 je p\u0159irozen\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed<\/strong> na\u0161eho tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu. Ve st\u0159ev\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fd vitam\u00edn K<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Nakazit se m\u016f\u017eete konzumac\u00ed vep\u0159ov\u00e9ho masa nebo nepasterizovan\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka<\/strong>. Bakterie se zni\u010d\u00ed p\u0159i varu 70 stup\u0148\u016f po dobu alespo\u0148 10 minut.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b E. coli<\/em> se nedoporu\u010duje l\u00e9\u010dba antibiotiky<\/strong> kv\u016fli rezistenci a tak\u00e9 kv\u016fli jejich minim\u00e1ln\u00edmu \u00fa\u010dinku na pr\u016fb\u011bh l\u00e9\u010dby.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edznaky otravy j\u00eddlem<\/h2>\n

Proto\u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny otravy mohou b\u00fdt r\u016fzn\u00e9<\/strong>, i projevy b\u00fdvaj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9. Z\u00e1viset budou na tom, zda se jedn\u00e1 o bakterii, virus nebo parazita, a tak\u00e9 na efektivit\u011b va\u0161eho imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Obecn\u011b se d\u00e1 poznat otrava j\u00eddlem podle t\u0159\u00ed charakteristick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. pr\u016fjem<\/strong><\/li>\n
  2. nevolnost<\/strong><\/li>\n
  3. zvracen\u00ed<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u010cast\u00e9 b\u00fdvaj\u00ed i k\u0159e\u010de v b\u0159i\u0161e<\/strong>. K prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edznak\u016fm m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt ji\u017e po hodin\u011b od konzumace naka\u017een\u00e9ho j\u00eddla.<\/p>\n

    Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b specifick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky pat\u0159\u00ed bolesti sval\u016f, hore\u010dka, nad\u00fdm\u00e1n\u00ed a celkov\u00e1 slabost<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    P\u0159\u00edznaky otravy houbami<\/h3>\n

    Otrava houbami je specifick\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee se nemus\u00ed projevit bezprost\u0159edn\u011b po konzumaci hub<\/strong>. N\u011bkdy se objev\u00ed a\u017e na druh\u00fd, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b t\u0159et\u00ed den.<\/p>\n

    Nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed houby jako Muchom\u016frka zelen\u00e1 a Vl\u00e1knice za\u010dervenal\u00e1<\/strong>, ale i jin\u00e9 \u017eivotu nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 houby se projev\u00ed a\u017e po del\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b, v rozmez\u00ed 6 a v\u00edce hodin. Pr\u016fb\u011bh otravy houbami m\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 formy.<\/p>\n

    V \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nesb\u00edrejte houby, kter\u00e9 nezn\u00e1te. Pokud houby kupujete, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b dostanete, zkontrolujte v\u0161echny z nich. <\/div>\n

    Hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky otravy houbami<\/strong> jsou:<\/p>\n