Cholesterol – co to je?<\/span><\/h2>\nCholesterol je organick\u00e1 slou\u010denina ze skupiny sterol\u016f, kter\u00e1 je nezbytn\u00e1 pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho organismu. \u010c\u00e1st cholesterolu si t\u011blo samo vyr\u00e1b\u00ed \u2013 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v j\u00e1trech, odkud se s krv\u00ed dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do v\u0161ech bun\u011bk t\u011bla.<\/span><\/p>\nZ \u010d\u00e1sti je cholesterol p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n tak\u00e9 z potravy. Jeho zdrojem ve strav\u011b jsou \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 tuky a \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 produkty. Celkov\u00fd cholesterol se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z dobr\u00e9ho a \u0161patn\u00e9ho cholesterolu. To jsou hovorov\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy pro dva lipoproteiny \u2013 LDL (\u201e\u0161patn\u00fd\u201c cholesterol) a HDL (\u201edobr\u00fd\u201c cholesterol).<\/span><\/p>\nV\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee cholesterol je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd mimo jin\u00e9 i pro zdrav\u00ed \u00fastn\u00ed dutiny? Dodejte t\u011blu pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 \u017eiviny a va\u0161e p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva zubn\u00ed kliniky<\/a>\u00a0bude bez z\u00e1kroku a b\u011bhem p\u00e1r minut budete venku.<\/p>\nJak vznik\u00e1 cholesterol?<\/span><\/h3>\nCholesterol je tukov\u00e1 slou\u010denina. V krvi se nerozpou\u0161t\u00ed, tak\u017ee aby se s n\u00edm dalo h\u00fdbat, mus\u00ed se spojit s b\u00edlkovinami. Pot\u00e9 se tvo\u0159\u00ed lipoproteiny (tuky \u2013 lipidy + b\u00edlkoviny \u2013 proteiny = lipoproteiny).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nExistuj\u00ed dva typy: LDL (lipoproteiny s n\u00edzkou hustotou) a HDL (lipoproteiny s vysokou hustotou).<\/span><\/p>\nLDL \u010d\u00e1stice dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed cholesterol do bun\u011bk. Berou si tolik, kolik pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed. P\u0159ebytek je zachycen HDL \u010d\u00e1sticemi a transportov\u00e1n do jater. V j\u00e1trech se cholesterol pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro tvorbu \u017elu\u010dov\u00e9 kyseliny, zbytek se vylou\u010d\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nU\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd HDL se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201edobr\u00fd“. LDL n\u011bkdy poskytuje p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho cholesterolu a \u010d\u00e1st se ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 v tepn\u00e1ch. Proto se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201e\u0161patn\u00fd“.<\/span><\/p>\nJakou \u00falohu v t\u011ble hraje cholesterol?<\/span><\/h3>\nCholesterol m\u00e1 v t\u011ble mnoho d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch funkc\u00ed:<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n\n- je stavebn\u00edm kamenem bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch membr\u00e1n<\/span><\/li>\n
- je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed myelinov\u00e9 pochvy, kter\u00e1 chr\u00e1n\u00ed nervov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna p\u0159ed po\u0161kozen\u00edm<\/span><\/li>\n
- pod\u00edl\u00ed se na tvorb\u011b hormon\u016f\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- je pot\u0159ebn\u00fd pro tvorbu a vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vitam\u00ednu D<\/span><\/li>\n
- je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u017elu\u010di, usnad\u0148uje proces tr\u00e1ven\u00ed tuk\u016f<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Cholesterol je nezbytn\u00fd pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed organismu, ale jeho nadbytek je zdrav\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\nTIP: Jak\u00e9 jsou projevy a l\u00e9\u010dba vysok\u00e9ho krevn\u00edho tlaku?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n![\"vysoky\u0301](\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Ignorujete-vysoky\u0301-cholesterol..jpg\")
<\/p>\n
Cholesterol – normy<\/b><\/h2>\n
P\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 hladina cholesterolu v krvi<\/a> je m\u011b\u0159\u00edtkem dobr\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed. K jeho ur\u010den\u00ed se provede lipidogram. Do diagnostick\u00e9 laborato\u0159e je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 chodit nala\u010dno. Dokonce se doporu\u010duje sn\u00edst posledn\u00ed j\u00eddlo dne p\u0159ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edm v 18 – 20 hod. Z\u00edskan\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky tak budou nejspolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Lipidov\u00fd profil ukazuje:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- celkov\u00fd cholesterol<\/span><\/li>\n
- HDL cholesterol<\/span><\/li>\n
- LDL cholesterol<\/span><\/li>\n
- triglyceridy \u2013 tuky v jin\u00e9 form\u011b<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00fdsledky test\u016f m\u016f\u017eou b\u00fdt velice individu\u00e1ln\u00ed. Hladinu cholesterolu ovliv\u0148uje mnoho genetick\u00fdch a environment\u00e1ln\u00edch faktor\u016f (fyzick\u00e1 aktivita, strava, alkohol, cigarety, komorbidity).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nJin\u00e9 normy se proto budou vztahovat na mlad\u00e9, sportuj\u00edc\u00ed lidi a jin\u00e9 na star\u0161\u00ed pacienty, kte\u0159\u00ed se pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi rizikov\u00fdmi faktory \u010di onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nPosouzen\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f testu hladiny cholesterolu by proto m\u011bl prov\u00e1d\u011bt l\u00e9ka\u0159, kter\u00fd nav\u00edc analyzuje nejen samotn\u00fd lipidov\u00fd profil, ale i celkov\u00fd zdravotn\u00ed stav pacienta. Je to pr\u00e1v\u011b specialista, kter\u00fd na z\u00e1klad\u011b celkov\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edho stavu pacienta a v\u00fdsledk\u016f vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed stanov\u00ed riziko onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce a ob\u011bhov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b nasad\u00ed vhodnou l\u00e9\u010dbu.<\/span><\/p>\nObecn\u00e9 normy cholesterolu podle pohlav\u00ed jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/span><\/h4>\n\u017deny<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- celkov\u00fd cholesterol: 125-200 mg\/dl (pod 5 mmol\/l),<\/span><\/li>\n
- LDL: m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 100 mg\/dl (2,6 mmol\/l)<\/span><\/li>\n
- HDL: alespo\u0148 50 mg\/dl, (1,3 mmol\/l)<\/span><\/li>\n
- non-HDL: m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 120 mg\/dl,<\/span><\/li>\n
- triglyceridy: m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 150 mg\/dl (1,7 mmol\/l).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Mu\u017ei<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- celkov\u00fd cholesterol: 125-200 mg\/dl (pod 5 mmol\/l),<\/span><\/li>\n
- LDL: m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 100 mg\/dl, (2,6 mmol\/l)<\/span><\/li>\n
- HDL: alespo\u0148 40 mg\/dl (1 mmol\/l)<\/span><\/li>\n
- non-HDL: m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 130 mg\/dl,<\/span><\/li>\n
- triglyceridy: m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 150 mg\/dl (1,7 mmol\/l).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
TIP: Jak dos\u00e1hnout spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 hodnoty cholesterolu?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\nLDL cholesterol („\u0161patn\u00fd“)<\/span><\/h3>\n\u201e\u0160patn\u00fd\u201c LDL cholesterol je hlavn\u00edm transport\u00e9rem cholesterolu z jater do dal\u0161\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ledvin, sval\u016f a k\u016fry nadledvin. LDL pln\u00ed svou funkci ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm voln\u00e9ho cholesterolu na povrch bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch membr\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\nHromad\u00ed se v c\u00e9v\u00e1ch, co\u017e vede k z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed jejich pr\u016ftoku, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje aterosklerotick\u00e9 zm\u011bny<\/a>, poruchy krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu a dokonce srde\u010dn\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed. Cholesterol nejv\u00edce po\u0161kozuje koron\u00e1rn\u00ed tepny.<\/span><\/p>\nPr\u00e1v\u011b tam (a v kr\u010dn\u00edch tepn\u00e1ch) se ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 nejv\u00edce cholesterolu. Zdrav\u00e9 tepny jsou hladk\u00e9 a pru\u017en\u00e9, cholesterol je zu\u017euje a d\u011bl\u00e1 tuh\u00fdmi (tento proces se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 ateroskler\u00f3za).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nUcpan\u00e9 tepny a krevn\u00ed sra\u017eeniny jsou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou infarktu a mozkov\u00e9 mrtvice<\/a>. Riziko infarktu u lid\u00ed se zv\u00fd\u0161enou hladinou cholesterolu je a\u017e 3x vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u lid\u00ed s norm\u00e1ln\u00edm lipidov\u00fdm profilem.<\/span><\/p>\nHDL „dobr\u00fd“ cholesterol<\/span><\/h3>\nLipoprotein s vysokou hustotou (HDL) je b\u011b\u017en\u011b ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako dobr\u00fd cholesterol.<\/span><\/p>\n\u201cDobr\u00fd\u201d HDL cholesterol pln\u00ed \u0159adu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch funkc\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Je mu p\u0159ipisov\u00e1na role faktoru, kter\u00fd \u010dist\u00ed krevn\u00ed plazmu od cholesterolu. Cholesterol uvoln\u011bn\u00fd do plazmy je v\u00e1z\u00e1n HDL. \u201eDobr\u00fd\u201c cholesterol je aktivn\u00edm \u201esb\u011bra\u010dem\u201c voln\u00e9ho cholesterolu jak z povrchu bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch membr\u00e1n, tak z cirkuluj\u00edc\u00edch lipoprotein\u016f. M\u00e1 se tedy za to, \u017ee kdy\u017e je ho v krvi v\u00edce, chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edmi chorobami v\u010detn\u011b infarktu.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \u201eDobr\u00fd\u201c cholesterol na sebe nav\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00fd cholesterol a odnese ho do jater, kde ho t\u011blo zpracuje, ulo\u017e\u00ed nebo vylou\u010d\u00ed \u017elu\u010d\u00ed. \u00dakolem \u201e\u0161patn\u00e9ho\u201c cholesterolu je zase transport cholesterolu z jater do bun\u011bk t\u011bla.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Tipy pro zdrav\u00fd a bezpe\u010dn\u00fd pohyb – myslete na lep\u0161\u00ed viditelnost a pou\u017e\u00edvejte p\u0159i sportov\u00e1n\u00ed reflexn\u00ed prvky pro va\u0161i bezpe\u010dnost<\/span><\/a><\/p>\nProdlu\u017euje dobr\u00fd \u201cHDL\u201d cholesterol \u017eivot? V\u011bdeck\u00e1 studie<\/span><\/h4>\nO pozitivn\u00edm vlivu HDL cholesterolu na zdrav\u00ed nen\u00ed pochyb. V\u011bdci z Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC) v Bostonu.6 V American Journal of Cardiology ve sv\u00e9 studii potvrdili, \u017ee \u201edobr\u00fd\u201c cholesterol m\u016f\u017ee prodlou\u017eit \u017eivot.<\/span><\/p>\nK t\u011bmto z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm do\u0161li studiem 650 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch veter\u00e1n\u016f ve v\u011bku kolem 65 let. Vzhledem k hladin\u011b dobr\u00e9ho cholesterolu jako krit\u00e9ria byly subjekty rozd\u011bleny do skupin.<\/span><\/p>\nPo\u010d\u00ednaje 40 mg\/dl, ka\u017ed\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed HDL o 10 mg\/dl sn\u00ed\u017eilo riziko \u00famrt\u00ed p\u0159ed dosa\u017een\u00edm v\u011bku 85 let o 14 procent.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nCelkem se 85. narozenin do\u017eilo 375 dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nU \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi hladinami HDL bylo riziko \u00famrt\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eeno o 28 %. Tato skupina m\u011bla men\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f a obezity a vedla zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed styl.<\/span><\/p>\nO pozitivn\u00edm vlivu dobr\u00e9ho cholesterolu jsou p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni i odborn\u00edci z American Heart Association. N\u00edzk\u00e9 hladiny HDL (m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 40 mg\/dl) u mu\u017e\u016f zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko srde\u010dn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\nTIP: Tabulka hodnot cholesterolu<\/span><\/a><\/p>\nStudie v neprosp\u011bch HDL cholesterolu a prodlou\u017een\u00ed d\u00e9lky \u017eivota<\/span><\/h4>\nN\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci se v\u0161ak domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee dobr\u00fd cholesterol nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt tak dobr\u00fd, jak se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed d\u00e1vek l\u00e9k\u016f, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed dobr\u00fd (HDL) cholesterol tit\u017e v\u016fbec nesni\u017euje riziko srde\u010dn\u00edho infarktu<\/a>, jak se kardiologov\u00e9 dosud domn\u00edvali, tvrd\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.<\/span><\/p>\nN\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z americk\u00fdch kardiolog\u016f pod\u00e1vali <\/span>simvastatin<\/span><\/i>, l\u00e9k sni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161patn\u00fd cholesterol, a l\u00e9k obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed niacin (vitam\u00edn B3), kter\u00fd zvy\u0161uje koncentraci dobr\u00e9ho cholesterolu a nav\u00edc sni\u017euje triglyceridy (\u0161kodliv\u00e9 jako LDL).<\/span><\/p>\n„\u0160patn\u00fd“ cholesterol klesl u dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f ve studii na 40-80 mg\/dl krve, zat\u00edmco dobr\u00fd cholesterol se zv\u00fd\u0161il v pr\u016fm\u011bru o 28 procent a triglyceridy se sn\u00ed\u017eily o 25 procent. Testy tedy potvrdily, \u017ee niacin funguje efektivn\u011b. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b ti \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci studie, kte\u0159\u00ed podstoupili nejkomplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu, nem\u011bli o nic m\u00e9n\u011b infarkt\u016f nebo mrtvic ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e\u00edvali l\u00e9ky na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed samotn\u00e9ho LDL.<\/span><\/p>\nExperiment byl zastaven po 18 m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch, a\u010dkoliv byl pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 3 roky. V\u011bdci dosp\u011bli k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee nen\u00ed pochyb o tom, \u017ee sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u0161patn\u00e9ho cholesterolu je prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9, ale st\u00e1le nebylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho cholesterolu a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed triglycerid\u016f m\u00e1 podobn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek.<\/span><\/p>\n![\"vysoky\u0301](\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/vysoky\u0301-cholesterol.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
Non-HDL cholesterol<\/span><\/h3>\nJi\u017e del\u0161\u00ed dobu je ve v\u00fdsledc\u00edch stanoven\u00ed lipidov\u00e9ho profilu zaznamen\u00e1n nov\u00fd parametr – non-HDL cholesterol. Pokud je LDL cholesterol naz\u00fdv\u00e1n zl\u00fdm, tak o Non-HDL cholesterolu se d\u00e1 mluvit jako o \u201cje\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00edm\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\nJe to vlastn\u011b spole\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1zev pro v\u0161echny frakce cholesterolu, jejich\u017e vysok\u00e9 hodnoty v krvi zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko ateroskler\u00f3zy a dal\u0161\u00edch kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\nKrom\u011b skupiny LDL existuje cel\u00e1 skupina tzv. aterogenn\u00edch („aterosklerotick\u00fdch“) lipoprotein\u016f: VLDL cholesterol, lipoproteiny se st\u0159edn\u00ed hustotou a lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)).<\/span><\/p>\nKoncentraci non-HDL cholesterolu z\u00edsk\u00e1me jednoduch\u00fdm ode\u010dten\u00edm: celkov\u00fd cholesterol m\u00ednus HDL cholesterol, lze je tedy pou\u017e\u00edt jako dopln\u011bk k z\u00e1kladn\u00edmu vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed: lipidogramu.<\/span><\/p>\nZv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd cholesterol \u2013 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny<\/span><\/h3>\nHlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho cholesterolu je strava s vysok\u00fdm obsahem trans mastn\u00fdch kyselin, kter\u00e9 lze nal\u00e9zt nap\u0159\u00edklad v:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- tu\u010dn\u00e9 maso a uzeniny<\/span><\/li>\n
- tu\u010dn\u00e9 ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, nap\u0159. smetana, s\u00fdr a taven\u00fd s\u00fdr<\/span><\/li>\n
- fast foody<\/span><\/li>\n
- cukr\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky<\/span><\/li>\n
- konzervy<\/span><\/li>\n
- n\u011bkter\u00e9 rostlinn\u00e9 oleje: palmov\u00fd olej a kokosov\u00fd olej<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
TIP: V\u00edte jak zhubnout po \u010dty\u0159ic\u00edtce?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\nZv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd cholesterol \u2013 p\u0159\u00edznaky<\/span><\/h3>\nZv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 hladina cholesterolu nezp\u016fsobuje dlouhodob\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky. Prvn\u00ed varovn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly se objevuj\u00ed, a\u017e kdy\u017e je cholesterolu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho, zejm\u00e9na toho \u201e\u0161patn\u00e9ho\u201c \u2013 LDL, a ten se za\u010dne hromadit ve st\u011bn\u00e1ch tepen v podob\u011b tzv. usazeniny naz\u00fdvan\u00e9<\/span> aterosklerotick\u00fd pl\u00e1t<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\nZv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd cholesterol zu\u017euje c\u00e9vy a d\u011bl\u00e1 je tu\u017e\u0161\u00edmi. Tento proces se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 ateroskler\u00f3za, kter\u00e1 zp\u016fsobuje p\u0159\u00edznaky, jako jsou:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Pot\u00ed\u017ee se soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00edm a pam\u011bt\u00ed<\/span><\/li>\n
- \u017dlut\u00e9 ztlu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, obvykle kolem v\u00ed\u010dek, v ohybu lokte, pod prsy – ve velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se usazeniny ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed tak\u00e9 v k\u016f\u017ei. Mohou se tak\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it jako uzliny na \u0161lach\u00e1ch z\u00e1p\u011bst\u00ed a Achillovy \u0161lachy.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Pokud nen\u00ed zavedena spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba, proces onemocn\u011bn\u00ed bude postupovat. D\u016fsledkem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt onemocn\u011bn\u00ed koron\u00e1rn\u00edch tepen.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nV n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech je bohu\u017eel prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edznakem nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho cholesterolu srde\u010dn\u00ed infarkt nebo mrtvice.<\/span><\/p>\nJak sn\u00ed\u017eit cholesterol?<\/span><\/h3>\nExistuj\u00ed voln\u011b prodejn\u00e9 l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 sni\u017euj\u00ed hladinu cholesterolu. Jsou v\u0161ak \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 pouze u m\u00edrn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 hladin\u011b cholesterolu. Mezi takov\u00e9 se \u0159ad\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159\u00edpravky s v\u00fdta\u017ekem z arty\u010doku. Doporu\u010duj\u00ed se tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravky obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00f3jov\u00e9 fytoestrogeny, beta-sitosteroly a fytosteroly z d\u00fdn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\nPokud jsou hladiny \u201e\u0161patn\u00e9ho\u201c a \u201edobr\u00e9ho\u201c cholesterolu na hranici, lze je normalizovat \u00fapravou j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku (sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed tuku, v\u00edce zeleniny a ovoce) a \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu (alespo\u0148 3x t\u00fddn\u011b 30 minut cvi\u010den\u00ed, vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se stresu, alkohol, kofein, kou\u0159en\u00ed). Pokud v\u0161ak nic z toho nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky – l\u00e9ka\u0159 vybere vhodnou farmakologickou l\u00e9\u010dbu.<\/span><\/p>\nNe\u017e v\u0161ak v r\u00e1mci l\u00e9\u010dby vysok\u00e9ho p\u0159ejdete k psychofarmakum, zkuste to p\u0159irozen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cestou.<\/span><\/p>\nTIP: V\u00edte, co je index t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti BMI?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\nDbejte na sv\u016fj j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek<\/span><\/h4>\nJe d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 db\u00e1t na to, co j\u00edme. Z\u00e1kladem spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 stravy je omezen\u00ed \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch tuk\u016f, proto\u017ee ty zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed hladiny cholesterolu v krvi. M\u00edsto tu\u010dn\u00e9ho masa a uzenin volte dr\u016fbe\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdrobky bez k\u016f\u017ee.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nVyvarujte se s\u00e1dla, m\u00e1sla, smetany, plnotu\u010dn\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka a ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f. Vyplat\u00ed se tak\u00e9 vzd\u00e1t se nezdrav\u00fdch sva\u010din, bohat\u00fdch na trans-tuky, kter\u00e9 jsou nav\u00edc doslazov\u00e1ny. Jedn\u00e1 se o hotov\u00e9 dorty, kol\u00e1\u010de, su\u0161enky, slan\u00e9 ob\u010derstven\u00ed. Jak\u00e1koli hotov\u00e1 j\u00eddla tak\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed frakci \u0161patn\u00e9ho cholesterolu.<\/span><\/p>\nNa\u0161e strava by m\u011bla b\u00fdt bohat\u00e1 na zeleninu a ovoce a tak\u00e9 na zdrav\u00e9 tuky: ln\u011bn\u00fd olej, o\u0159echy, avok\u00e1do, olivov\u00fd olej, pupalkov\u00fd olej. Vyplat\u00ed se j\u00edst ovesn\u00e9 vlo\u010dky \u2013 obsahuj\u00ed rozpustnou vl\u00e1kninu, kter\u00e1 v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed zlep\u0161it na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed, kdy\u017e se objev\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00fd cholesterol. Rozpustn\u00e1 vl\u00e1knina se nach\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 ve fazol\u00edch, hrachu, \u010do\u010dce, o\u0159e\u0161\u00edch, hn\u011bd\u00e9 r\u00fd\u017ei a ovoci.<\/span><\/p>\n![\"vysoky\u0301](\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/vysoky\u0301-cholesterol-a-zdrava\u0301-strava.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
H\u00fdbej se<\/span><\/h4>\nPravideln\u00e1 fyzick\u00e1 aktivita je dobr\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak sn\u00ed\u017eit hladinu cholesterolu. Pohyb stimuluje enzymy v t\u011ble, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159esunout LDL z krve a c\u00e9vn\u00edch st\u011bn do jater. Tam se cholesterol p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje na \u017elu\u010d.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\u010c\u00edm v\u00edce cvi\u010d\u00edte, t\u00edm snaz\u0161\u00ed je pro va\u0161e t\u011blo vylu\u010dovat LDL. V\u00fdzkum proveden\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky z Duke University Medical Center ukazuje, \u017ee intenzivn\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed je lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159i sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed cholesterolu.<\/span><\/p>\n
Z \u010d\u00e1sti je cholesterol p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n tak\u00e9 z potravy. Jeho zdrojem ve strav\u011b jsou \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 tuky a \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 produkty. Celkov\u00fd cholesterol se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z dobr\u00e9ho a \u0161patn\u00e9ho cholesterolu. To jsou hovorov\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy pro dva lipoproteiny \u2013 LDL (\u201e\u0161patn\u00fd\u201c cholesterol) a HDL (\u201edobr\u00fd\u201c cholesterol).<\/span><\/p>\n V\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee cholesterol je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd mimo jin\u00e9 i pro zdrav\u00ed \u00fastn\u00ed dutiny? Dodejte t\u011blu pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 \u017eiviny a va\u0161e p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva zubn\u00ed kliniky<\/a>\u00a0bude bez z\u00e1kroku a b\u011bhem p\u00e1r minut budete venku.<\/p>\n Cholesterol je tukov\u00e1 slou\u010denina. V krvi se nerozpou\u0161t\u00ed, tak\u017ee aby se s n\u00edm dalo h\u00fdbat, mus\u00ed se spojit s b\u00edlkovinami. Pot\u00e9 se tvo\u0159\u00ed lipoproteiny (tuky \u2013 lipidy + b\u00edlkoviny \u2013 proteiny = lipoproteiny).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Existuj\u00ed dva typy: LDL (lipoproteiny s n\u00edzkou hustotou) a HDL (lipoproteiny s vysokou hustotou).<\/span><\/p>\n LDL \u010d\u00e1stice dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed cholesterol do bun\u011bk. Berou si tolik, kolik pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed. P\u0159ebytek je zachycen HDL \u010d\u00e1sticemi a transportov\u00e1n do jater. V j\u00e1trech se cholesterol pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro tvorbu \u017elu\u010dov\u00e9 kyseliny, zbytek se vylou\u010d\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n U\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd HDL se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201edobr\u00fd“. LDL n\u011bkdy poskytuje p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho cholesterolu a \u010d\u00e1st se ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 v tepn\u00e1ch. Proto se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201e\u0161patn\u00fd“.<\/span><\/p>\n Cholesterol m\u00e1 v t\u011ble mnoho d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch funkc\u00ed:<\/span> Cholesterol je nezbytn\u00fd pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed organismu, ale jeho nadbytek je zdrav\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n TIP: Jak\u00e9 jsou projevy a l\u00e9\u010dba vysok\u00e9ho krevn\u00edho tlaku?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n P\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 hladina cholesterolu v krvi<\/a> je m\u011b\u0159\u00edtkem dobr\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed. K jeho ur\u010den\u00ed se provede lipidogram. Do diagnostick\u00e9 laborato\u0159e je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 chodit nala\u010dno. Dokonce se doporu\u010duje sn\u00edst posledn\u00ed j\u00eddlo dne p\u0159ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edm v 18 – 20 hod. Z\u00edskan\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky tak budou nejspolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Lipidov\u00fd profil ukazuje:<\/span><\/p>\n V\u00fdsledky test\u016f m\u016f\u017eou b\u00fdt velice individu\u00e1ln\u00ed. Hladinu cholesterolu ovliv\u0148uje mnoho genetick\u00fdch a environment\u00e1ln\u00edch faktor\u016f (fyzick\u00e1 aktivita, strava, alkohol, cigarety, komorbidity).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Jin\u00e9 normy se proto budou vztahovat na mlad\u00e9, sportuj\u00edc\u00ed lidi a jin\u00e9 na star\u0161\u00ed pacienty, kte\u0159\u00ed se pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi rizikov\u00fdmi faktory \u010di onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Posouzen\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f testu hladiny cholesterolu by proto m\u011bl prov\u00e1d\u011bt l\u00e9ka\u0159, kter\u00fd nav\u00edc analyzuje nejen samotn\u00fd lipidov\u00fd profil, ale i celkov\u00fd zdravotn\u00ed stav pacienta. Je to pr\u00e1v\u011b specialista, kter\u00fd na z\u00e1klad\u011b celkov\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edho stavu pacienta a v\u00fdsledk\u016f vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed stanov\u00ed riziko onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce a ob\u011bhov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b nasad\u00ed vhodnou l\u00e9\u010dbu.<\/span><\/p>\n \u017deny<\/strong><\/p>\n Mu\u017ei<\/strong><\/p>\n TIP: Jak dos\u00e1hnout spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 hodnoty cholesterolu?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n \u201e\u0160patn\u00fd\u201c LDL cholesterol je hlavn\u00edm transport\u00e9rem cholesterolu z jater do dal\u0161\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ledvin, sval\u016f a k\u016fry nadledvin. LDL pln\u00ed svou funkci ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm voln\u00e9ho cholesterolu na povrch bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch membr\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n Hromad\u00ed se v c\u00e9v\u00e1ch, co\u017e vede k z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed jejich pr\u016ftoku, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje aterosklerotick\u00e9 zm\u011bny<\/a>, poruchy krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu a dokonce srde\u010dn\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed. Cholesterol nejv\u00edce po\u0161kozuje koron\u00e1rn\u00ed tepny.<\/span><\/p>\n Pr\u00e1v\u011b tam (a v kr\u010dn\u00edch tepn\u00e1ch) se ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 nejv\u00edce cholesterolu. Zdrav\u00e9 tepny jsou hladk\u00e9 a pru\u017en\u00e9, cholesterol je zu\u017euje a d\u011bl\u00e1 tuh\u00fdmi (tento proces se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 ateroskler\u00f3za).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Ucpan\u00e9 tepny a krevn\u00ed sra\u017eeniny jsou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou infarktu a mozkov\u00e9 mrtvice<\/a>. Riziko infarktu u lid\u00ed se zv\u00fd\u0161enou hladinou cholesterolu je a\u017e 3x vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u lid\u00ed s norm\u00e1ln\u00edm lipidov\u00fdm profilem.<\/span><\/p>\n Lipoprotein s vysokou hustotou (HDL) je b\u011b\u017en\u011b ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako dobr\u00fd cholesterol.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cDobr\u00fd\u201d HDL cholesterol pln\u00ed \u0159adu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch funkc\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n Tipy pro zdrav\u00fd a bezpe\u010dn\u00fd pohyb – myslete na lep\u0161\u00ed viditelnost a pou\u017e\u00edvejte p\u0159i sportov\u00e1n\u00ed reflexn\u00ed prvky pro va\u0161i bezpe\u010dnost<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n O pozitivn\u00edm vlivu HDL cholesterolu na zdrav\u00ed nen\u00ed pochyb. V\u011bdci z Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC) v Bostonu.6 V American Journal of Cardiology ve sv\u00e9 studii potvrdili, \u017ee \u201edobr\u00fd\u201c cholesterol m\u016f\u017ee prodlou\u017eit \u017eivot.<\/span><\/p>\n K t\u011bmto z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm do\u0161li studiem 650 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch veter\u00e1n\u016f ve v\u011bku kolem 65 let. Vzhledem k hladin\u011b dobr\u00e9ho cholesterolu jako krit\u00e9ria byly subjekty rozd\u011bleny do skupin.<\/span><\/p>\n Po\u010d\u00ednaje 40 mg\/dl, ka\u017ed\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed HDL o 10 mg\/dl sn\u00ed\u017eilo riziko \u00famrt\u00ed p\u0159ed dosa\u017een\u00edm v\u011bku 85 let o 14 procent.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Celkem se 85. narozenin do\u017eilo 375 dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n U \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi hladinami HDL bylo riziko \u00famrt\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eeno o 28 %. Tato skupina m\u011bla men\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f a obezity a vedla zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed styl.<\/span><\/p>\n O pozitivn\u00edm vlivu dobr\u00e9ho cholesterolu jsou p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni i odborn\u00edci z American Heart Association. N\u00edzk\u00e9 hladiny HDL (m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 40 mg\/dl) u mu\u017e\u016f zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko srde\u010dn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n TIP: Tabulka hodnot cholesterolu<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci se v\u0161ak domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee dobr\u00fd cholesterol nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt tak dobr\u00fd, jak se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed d\u00e1vek l\u00e9k\u016f, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed dobr\u00fd (HDL) cholesterol tit\u017e v\u016fbec nesni\u017euje riziko srde\u010dn\u00edho infarktu<\/a>, jak se kardiologov\u00e9 dosud domn\u00edvali, tvrd\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z americk\u00fdch kardiolog\u016f pod\u00e1vali <\/span>simvastatin<\/span><\/i>, l\u00e9k sni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161patn\u00fd cholesterol, a l\u00e9k obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed niacin (vitam\u00edn B3), kter\u00fd zvy\u0161uje koncentraci dobr\u00e9ho cholesterolu a nav\u00edc sni\u017euje triglyceridy (\u0161kodliv\u00e9 jako LDL).<\/span><\/p>\n „\u0160patn\u00fd“ cholesterol klesl u dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f ve studii na 40-80 mg\/dl krve, zat\u00edmco dobr\u00fd cholesterol se zv\u00fd\u0161il v pr\u016fm\u011bru o 28 procent a triglyceridy se sn\u00ed\u017eily o 25 procent. Testy tedy potvrdily, \u017ee niacin funguje efektivn\u011b. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b ti \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci studie, kte\u0159\u00ed podstoupili nejkomplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu, nem\u011bli o nic m\u00e9n\u011b infarkt\u016f nebo mrtvic ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e\u00edvali l\u00e9ky na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed samotn\u00e9ho LDL.<\/span><\/p>\n Experiment byl zastaven po 18 m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch, a\u010dkoliv byl pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 3 roky. V\u011bdci dosp\u011bli k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee nen\u00ed pochyb o tom, \u017ee sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u0161patn\u00e9ho cholesterolu je prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9, ale st\u00e1le nebylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho cholesterolu a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed triglycerid\u016f m\u00e1 podobn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek.<\/span><\/p>\n Ji\u017e del\u0161\u00ed dobu je ve v\u00fdsledc\u00edch stanoven\u00ed lipidov\u00e9ho profilu zaznamen\u00e1n nov\u00fd parametr – non-HDL cholesterol. Pokud je LDL cholesterol naz\u00fdv\u00e1n zl\u00fdm, tak o Non-HDL cholesterolu se d\u00e1 mluvit jako o \u201cje\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00edm\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n Je to vlastn\u011b spole\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1zev pro v\u0161echny frakce cholesterolu, jejich\u017e vysok\u00e9 hodnoty v krvi zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko ateroskler\u00f3zy a dal\u0161\u00edch kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n Krom\u011b skupiny LDL existuje cel\u00e1 skupina tzv. aterogenn\u00edch („aterosklerotick\u00fdch“) lipoprotein\u016f: VLDL cholesterol, lipoproteiny se st\u0159edn\u00ed hustotou a lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)).<\/span><\/p>\n Koncentraci non-HDL cholesterolu z\u00edsk\u00e1me jednoduch\u00fdm ode\u010dten\u00edm: celkov\u00fd cholesterol m\u00ednus HDL cholesterol, lze je tedy pou\u017e\u00edt jako dopln\u011bk k z\u00e1kladn\u00edmu vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed: lipidogramu.<\/span><\/p>\n Hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho cholesterolu je strava s vysok\u00fdm obsahem trans mastn\u00fdch kyselin, kter\u00e9 lze nal\u00e9zt nap\u0159\u00edklad v:<\/span><\/p>\n TIP: V\u00edte jak zhubnout po \u010dty\u0159ic\u00edtce?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 hladina cholesterolu nezp\u016fsobuje dlouhodob\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky. Prvn\u00ed varovn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly se objevuj\u00ed, a\u017e kdy\u017e je cholesterolu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho, zejm\u00e9na toho \u201e\u0161patn\u00e9ho\u201c \u2013 LDL, a ten se za\u010dne hromadit ve st\u011bn\u00e1ch tepen v podob\u011b tzv. usazeniny naz\u00fdvan\u00e9<\/span> aterosklerotick\u00fd pl\u00e1t<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd cholesterol zu\u017euje c\u00e9vy a d\u011bl\u00e1 je tu\u017e\u0161\u00edmi. Tento proces se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 ateroskler\u00f3za, kter\u00e1 zp\u016fsobuje p\u0159\u00edznaky, jako jsou:<\/span><\/p>\n Pokud nen\u00ed zavedena spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba, proces onemocn\u011bn\u00ed bude postupovat. D\u016fsledkem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt onemocn\u011bn\u00ed koron\u00e1rn\u00edch tepen.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech je bohu\u017eel prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edznakem nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho cholesterolu srde\u010dn\u00ed infarkt nebo mrtvice.<\/span><\/p>\n Existuj\u00ed voln\u011b prodejn\u00e9 l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 sni\u017euj\u00ed hladinu cholesterolu. Jsou v\u0161ak \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 pouze u m\u00edrn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 hladin\u011b cholesterolu. Mezi takov\u00e9 se \u0159ad\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159\u00edpravky s v\u00fdta\u017ekem z arty\u010doku. Doporu\u010duj\u00ed se tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravky obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00f3jov\u00e9 fytoestrogeny, beta-sitosteroly a fytosteroly z d\u00fdn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n Pokud jsou hladiny \u201e\u0161patn\u00e9ho\u201c a \u201edobr\u00e9ho\u201c cholesterolu na hranici, lze je normalizovat \u00fapravou j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku (sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed tuku, v\u00edce zeleniny a ovoce) a \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu (alespo\u0148 3x t\u00fddn\u011b 30 minut cvi\u010den\u00ed, vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se stresu, alkohol, kofein, kou\u0159en\u00ed). Pokud v\u0161ak nic z toho nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky – l\u00e9ka\u0159 vybere vhodnou farmakologickou l\u00e9\u010dbu.<\/span><\/p>\n Ne\u017e v\u0161ak v r\u00e1mci l\u00e9\u010dby vysok\u00e9ho p\u0159ejdete k psychofarmakum, zkuste to p\u0159irozen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cestou.<\/span><\/p>\n TIP: V\u00edte, co je index t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti BMI?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 db\u00e1t na to, co j\u00edme. Z\u00e1kladem spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 stravy je omezen\u00ed \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch tuk\u016f, proto\u017ee ty zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed hladiny cholesterolu v krvi. M\u00edsto tu\u010dn\u00e9ho masa a uzenin volte dr\u016fbe\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdrobky bez k\u016f\u017ee.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Vyvarujte se s\u00e1dla, m\u00e1sla, smetany, plnotu\u010dn\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka a ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f. Vyplat\u00ed se tak\u00e9 vzd\u00e1t se nezdrav\u00fdch sva\u010din, bohat\u00fdch na trans-tuky, kter\u00e9 jsou nav\u00edc doslazov\u00e1ny. Jedn\u00e1 se o hotov\u00e9 dorty, kol\u00e1\u010de, su\u0161enky, slan\u00e9 ob\u010derstven\u00ed. Jak\u00e1koli hotov\u00e1 j\u00eddla tak\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed frakci \u0161patn\u00e9ho cholesterolu.<\/span><\/p>\n Na\u0161e strava by m\u011bla b\u00fdt bohat\u00e1 na zeleninu a ovoce a tak\u00e9 na zdrav\u00e9 tuky: ln\u011bn\u00fd olej, o\u0159echy, avok\u00e1do, olivov\u00fd olej, pupalkov\u00fd olej. Vyplat\u00ed se j\u00edst ovesn\u00e9 vlo\u010dky \u2013 obsahuj\u00ed rozpustnou vl\u00e1kninu, kter\u00e1 v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed zlep\u0161it na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed, kdy\u017e se objev\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00fd cholesterol. Rozpustn\u00e1 vl\u00e1knina se nach\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 ve fazol\u00edch, hrachu, \u010do\u010dce, o\u0159e\u0161\u00edch, hn\u011bd\u00e9 r\u00fd\u017ei a ovoci.<\/span><\/p>\n Pravideln\u00e1 fyzick\u00e1 aktivita je dobr\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak sn\u00ed\u017eit hladinu cholesterolu. Pohyb stimuluje enzymy v t\u011ble, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159esunout LDL z krve a c\u00e9vn\u00edch st\u011bn do jater. Tam se cholesterol p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje na \u017elu\u010d.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce cvi\u010d\u00edte, t\u00edm snaz\u0161\u00ed je pro va\u0161e t\u011blo vylu\u010dovat LDL. V\u00fdzkum proveden\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky z Duke University Medical Center ukazuje, \u017ee intenzivn\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed je lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159i sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed cholesterolu.<\/span><\/p>\nJak vznik\u00e1 cholesterol?<\/span><\/h3>\n
Jakou \u00falohu v t\u011ble hraje cholesterol?<\/span><\/h3>\n
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<\/p>\nCholesterol – normy<\/b><\/h2>\n
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Obecn\u00e9 normy cholesterolu podle pohlav\u00ed jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/span><\/h4>\n
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LDL cholesterol („\u0161patn\u00fd“)<\/span><\/h3>\n
HDL „dobr\u00fd“ cholesterol<\/span><\/h3>\n
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Prodlu\u017euje dobr\u00fd \u201cHDL\u201d cholesterol \u017eivot? V\u011bdeck\u00e1 studie<\/span><\/h4>\n
Studie v neprosp\u011bch HDL cholesterolu a prodlou\u017een\u00ed d\u00e9lky \u017eivota<\/span><\/h4>\n
<\/p>\nNon-HDL cholesterol<\/span><\/h3>\n
Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd cholesterol \u2013 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny<\/span><\/h3>\n
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Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd cholesterol \u2013 p\u0159\u00edznaky<\/span><\/h3>\n
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Jak sn\u00ed\u017eit cholesterol?<\/span><\/h3>\n
Dbejte na sv\u016fj j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek<\/span><\/h4>\n
<\/p>\nH\u00fdbej se<\/span><\/h4>\n