{"id":22946,"date":"2020-05-15T07:47:58","date_gmt":"2020-05-15T05:47:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/?p=22946"},"modified":"2020-09-11T18:36:23","modified_gmt":"2020-09-11T16:36:23","slug":"cukrovka-dieta-lecba-cviceni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/cs\/cukrovka-dieta-lecba-cviceni\/","title":{"rendered":"Cukrovka &#8211; strava (vhodn\u00e9 a zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 potraviny), l\u00e9\u010dba (+ alternativn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dba), doporu\u010den\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Diabetes mellitus<\/strong> (b\u011b\u017en\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako cukrovka) je metabolick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed charakterizovan\u00e9 <strong>zv\u00fd\u0161enou hladinou cukru v krvi<\/strong>. Mezi p\u0159\u00edznaky vysok\u00e9 hladiny cukru v krvi pat\u0159\u00ed <strong>\u010dast\u00e9 mo\u010den\u00ed, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 \u017e\u00edze\u0148 a \u010dast\u00fd hlad<\/strong>. Pokud se diabetes nel\u00e9\u010d\u00ed, <strong>m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit mnoho komplikac\u00ed<\/strong>. Mezi ty v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed mozkov\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edhoda, kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, \u010di po\u0161kozen\u00ed o\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si jak\u00e1 je vhodn\u00e1 strava, dostupn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba a doporu\u010den\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed p\u0159i onemocn\u011bn\u00ed diabetes mellitus:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Cukrovka 1. typu<\/strong> je v\u00fdsledkem selh\u00e1n\u00ed slinivky. Slinivka nevytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dostatek inzulinu v d\u016fsledku ztr\u00e1ty beta bun\u011bk. <strong>Cukrovka 2. typu<\/strong> za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 inzul\u00ednovou rezistenc\u00ed (stav, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m bu\u0148ky nereaguj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b na inzul\u00edn). S jej\u00edm rozvojem se tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee vyvinout nedostatek inzul\u00ednu.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Cukrovka vznik\u00e1 tehdy, kdy\u017e <strong>slinivka b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed nevytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dostatek inzulinu (1. typ)<\/strong> nebo bu\u0148ky t\u011bla <strong>nereaguj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b na produkovan\u00fd inzul\u00edn (2. typ)<\/strong>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Zn\u00e1me mnoho l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdch postup\u016f p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b cukrovky. L\u00e9\u010dba v\u00e1m bude doporu\u010dena na z\u00e1klad\u011b va\u0161ich individu\u00e1ln\u00edch pot\u0159eb.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Jako l\u00e9\u010dba diabetu 1. typu<\/strong> se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 <strong>inzul\u00edn<\/strong> (pro kontrolu hladiny cukru v krvi). Inzul\u00edn se pod\u00e1v\u00e1 pomoc\u00ed injekce, inzul\u00ednov\u00e9ho pera nebo inzul\u00ednov\u00e9 pumpy. Velmi n\u00e1pomocn\u00e1 je i <strong>dieta a zdrav\u00fd pohyb<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cukrovka 2. typu se l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed<\/strong> bu\u010f tabletami (neinzul\u00ednov\u00e9 peror\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e9ky) nebo se pod\u00e1v\u00e1 inzul\u00edn (v pozdn\u00edch st\u00e1di\u00edch). Na po\u010d\u00e1tku l\u00e9\u010dby se d\u00e1 cukrovka l\u00e9\u010dit i <strong>zm\u011bnami ve stravov\u00e1n\u00ed, redukc\u00ed hmotnosti <\/strong> <strong>a cvi\u010den\u00edm<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cukrovka se v\u017edy \u0159e\u0161\u00ed ve spolupr\u00e1ci s l\u00e9ka\u0159em. L\u00e9ka\u0159 v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee vyhotovit l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fd pl\u00e1n tak, aby vyhovoval v\u00e1m a va\u0161emu \u017eivotn\u00edmu stylu.<\/p>\n<h2>Stravov\u00e1n\u00ed a dieta p\u0159i cukrovce<\/h2>\n<p><strong>I cukrovk\u00e1\u0159i mohou j\u00edst j\u00eddlo, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed r\u00e1di<\/strong>. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, mus\u00ed se sna\u017eit j\u00edst ho <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323716.php#diet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto<\/a> nebo v men\u0161\u00edch porc\u00edch<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>Pro cukrovku neexistuje p\u0159edepsan\u00e1 dieta<\/strong>. Stravov\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011blo b\u00fdt <strong>p\u0159izp\u016fsobeno<\/strong> pot\u0159eb\u00e1m, harmonogramu a stravovac\u00edm n\u00e1vyk\u016fm jednotlivce. Ka\u017ed\u00fd dietn\u00ed pl\u00e1n mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edjmem inzul\u00ednu (a jin\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f proti cukrovce).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0158i\u010fte se pokyny l\u00e9ka\u0159e, jezte pestrou stravu, kter\u00e1 obsahuje potraviny ze v\u0161ech skupin a dodr\u017eujte doporu\u010den\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed. <strong>Obecn\u011b z\u00e1sady zdrav\u00e9ho stravov\u00e1n\u00ed plat\u00ed stejn\u011b i pro lidi s cukrovkou<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 s cukrovkou by m\u011bli j\u00edst ka\u017ed\u00fd den ve stejnou dobu, zat\u00edmco jin\u00ed mohou m\u00edt trochu v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed flexibilitu, pokud jde o na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00eddla. U lid\u00ed s cukrovkou je <strong>velikost porce velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1<\/strong>. Tak\u00e9 je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zohlednit <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/glykemicky-index-potravin-tabulky\/\"><strong>glykemick\u00fd index potravin<\/strong><\/a> a jejich glykemickou n\u00e1lo\u017e.<\/p>\n<div class=\"erit-block erit-block-tip\"> <strong>N\u00e1\u0161 tip<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si \u010dl\u00e1nek, ve kter\u00e9m zjist\u00edte, kter\u00e9 potraviny maj\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/glykemicky-index-potravin-tabulky\/\"><strong>n\u00edzk\u00fd glykemick\u00fd index<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Doporu\u010den\u00e9 potraviny p\u0159i cukrovce<\/h3>\n<p>Jak\u00e9 jsou nejlep\u0161\u00ed potraviny pro lidi s cukrovkou?<\/p>\n<h4>Zelenina<\/h4>\n<p>Zelenina je p\u0159i cukrovce velmi vhodn\u00fd typ stravy. Mezi nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed druhy zeleniny pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<div class='erit-listing erit-listing-kladny '>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>listov\u00e1 zelenina <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>brokolice <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>mrkev <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>raj\u010data <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>paprika<\/li>\n<li>brambory<\/li>\n<li>kuku\u0159ice<\/li>\n<li>zelen\u00e9 fazole<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h4>Ovoce<\/h4>\n<p>Cukrovka omezuje po\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed stravy s vysok\u00fdm obsahem cukru. Proto si cukrovk\u00e1\u0159i mus\u00ed d\u00e1vat <strong>pozor na ovoce, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed obsah cukru<\/strong>. Mohou konzumovat nap\u0159\u00edklad mal\u00e1 mno\u017estv\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch druh\u016f ovoce:<\/p>\n<div class='erit-listing erit-listing-kladny '>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>bobulovit\u00e9 ovoce<\/strong> (bor\u016fvky, jahody, maliny)<\/li>\n<li><strong>jablko<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>pomeran\u010d, grep<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>ban\u00e1n<\/li>\n<li>ananas<\/li>\n<li>hrozny<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h4>Zrna<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Celozrnn\u00e1 strava<\/strong> by m\u011bla tvo\u0159it nejm\u00e9n\u011b polovinu ze v\u0161ech zrn ve strav\u011b cukrovk\u00e1\u0159e. Mezi zrna se za\u0159azuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n<div class='erit-listing erit-listing-kladny '>\n<ul>\n<li>oves<\/li>\n<li>je\u010dmen<\/li>\n<li>p\u0161enice<\/li>\n<li>quinoa<\/li>\n<li>r\u00fd\u017ee<\/li>\n<li>kuku\u0159i\u010dn\u00e1 mouka<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20806\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20806\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-20806 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/odporucane-potraviny-pri-cukrovke-dieta.png\" alt=\"Doporu\u010den\u00e9 potraviny p\u0159i cukrovce (dieta)\" width=\"700\" height=\"166\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/odporucane-potraviny-pri-cukrovke-dieta.png 700w, https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/odporucane-potraviny-pri-cukrovke-dieta-600x142.png 600w, https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/odporucane-potraviny-pri-cukrovke-dieta-300x71.png 300w, https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/odporucane-potraviny-pri-cukrovke-dieta-696x166.png 696w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20806\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zdroj: zdravovek.eu, 123rf.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4>B\u00edlkoviny<\/h4>\n<p>Mezi nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed druhy b\u00edlkovin pat\u0159\u00ed <strong>proteiny z libov\u00e9ho masa a z n\u00edzkotu\u010dn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f<\/strong>. Takov\u00e9 b\u00edlkoviny mohou pomoci p\u0159i budov\u00e1n\u00ed svalov\u00e9 hmoty bez zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed hladiny tuk\u016f a gluk\u00f3zy.<\/p>\n<p>Mezi takov\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<div class='erit-listing erit-listing-kladny '>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>vaj\u00ed\u010dka <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>dr\u016fbe\u017e<\/strong> (ku\u0159e nebo kr\u016fta bez k\u016f\u017ee)<\/li>\n<li><strong>libov\u00e9 hov\u011bz\u00ed nebo vep\u0159ov\u00e9 maso <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>ryby <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>o\u0159echy <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>fazole, hr\u00e1ch, cizrna<\/li>\n<li>masn\u00e9 alternativy (<a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/tofu-syr\/\">nap\u0159\u00edklad tofu<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h4>Zdrav\u00e9 tuky<\/h4>\n<p>Cukrovka povoluje n\u011bkter\u00e9 typy tuk\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou pro t\u011blo prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9:<\/p>\n<div class='erit-listing erit-listing-kladny '>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>tu\u010dn\u00e9 ryby<\/strong> (losos, tu\u0148\u00e1k, makrela)<\/li>\n<li><strong>semena a o\u0159echy <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>avok\u00e1do <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>zdrav\u00e9 oleje<\/strong> (nap\u0159\u00edklad <a href='https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/a\/cs\/bio-kretsky-ep-olivovy-olej-500ml-prozdravi-cz\/' class='eap_conversion affil_link' rel='nofollow noopener' target='_blank'  onclick=\"eap_add_gtm_event('EAP_conversion_affil_link_a', 'EAP_click_affil_link_a', null)\">olivov\u00fd olej<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 potraviny p\u0159i cukrovce<\/h3>\n<p>Diabetick\u00e1 strava by nem\u011bla obsahovat tyto slo\u017eky:<\/p>\n<div class='erit-listing erit-listing-zaporny '>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>sma\u017een\u00e1 j\u00eddla <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>slan\u00e1 j\u00eddla<\/strong> (nap\u0159\u00edklad bramborov\u00e9 lup\u00ednky)<\/li>\n<li><strong>sladk\u00e1 j\u00eddla<\/strong> (kol\u00e1\u010de, sladkosti, zmrzlina)<\/li>\n<li><strong>n\u00e1poje, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed p\u0159idan\u00fd cukr<\/strong> (energetick\u00e9 n\u00e1poje, d\u017eusy, kola&#8230;)<\/li>\n<li><strong>alkohol<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20898\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20898\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-20898 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/zakazane-potraviny-pri-cukrovke.png\" alt=\"Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 potraviny p\u0159i cukrovce\" width=\"800\" height=\"204\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/zakazane-potraviny-pri-cukrovke.png 800w, https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/zakazane-potraviny-pri-cukrovke-600x153.png 600w, https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/zakazane-potraviny-pri-cukrovke-300x77.png 300w, https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/zakazane-potraviny-pri-cukrovke-768x196.png 768w, https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/zakazane-potraviny-pri-cukrovke-696x177.png 696w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20898\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zdroj: zdravovek.eu, 123rf.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Slazen\u00e9 n\u00e1poje nahra\u010fte vodou. Pokud si k\u00e1vu nebo \u010daj slad\u00edte cukrem, <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/nahrada-cukru\/\">nahra\u010fte ho alternativn\u00edmi sladidly<\/a> (<strong><a href='https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/a\/cs\/stevia-natusweet-liquid-kapky-100-ml-benu-cz\/' class='eap_conversion affil_link' rel='nofollow noopener' target='_blank'  onclick=\"eap_add_gtm_event('EAP_conversion_affil_link_a', 'EAP_click_affil_link_a', null)\">st\u00e9vie<\/a><\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/online-recepty.sk\/xylitol-brezovy-cukor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>xylitol<\/strong><\/a>, <a href='https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/a\/cs\/allnature-erythritol-500-g-pilulka-cz\/' class='eap_conversion affil_link' rel='nofollow noopener' target='_blank'  onclick=\"eap_add_gtm_event('EAP_conversion_affil_link_a', 'EAP_click_affil_link_a', null)\"><strong>erythritol<\/strong><\/a>). \u017deny by nem\u011bly vyp\u00edt v\u00edce ne\u017e 1 alkoholick\u00fd n\u00e1poj denn\u011b a mu\u017ei by m\u011bly omezit p\u0159\u00edjem alkoholu na maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 2 n\u00e1poje denn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alkohol m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit nadm\u011brn\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/cukor-v-krvi\/\">hladiny gluk\u00f3zy v krvi<\/a><\/strong> u lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed inzul\u00edn (\u010d\u00edm\u017e se zvy\u0161uje riziko hypoglyk\u00e9mie). Pokud b\u011bhem pit\u00ed alkoholu konzumujete stravu, riziko vzniku hypoglyk\u00e9mie je n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n<h2>Cvi\u010den\u00ed p\u0159i cukrovce<\/h2>\n<p>Aerobn\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee podporovat hubnut\u00ed a management zdrav\u00e9 hmotnosti, sni\u017eovat hladinu gluk\u00f3zy v krvi a zlep\u0161ovat vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed inzul\u00ednu v t\u011ble.<\/p>\n<p>Jak\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed je vhodn\u00e9?<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i diabetes mellitus m\u016f\u017eete vyzkou\u0161et nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>proch\u00e1zky<\/strong> v rychl\u00e9m tempu nebo del\u0161\u00ed <strong>t\u00fary<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>chozen\u00ed po schodech<\/li>\n<li><strong>cyklistiku<\/strong> (v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b nebo doma na stroji)<\/li>\n<li><strong>plav\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>tanec<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>raketov\u00e9 sporty<\/li>\n<li>zahradnictv\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je i silov\u00fd tr\u00e9nink<\/strong>. Silov\u00fd tr\u00e9nink toti\u017e podporuje r\u016fst svalov\u00e9 hmoty, kter\u00e1 zvy\u0161uje mno\u017estv\u00ed gluk\u00f3zy, kterou t\u011blo sp\u00e1l\u00ed v klidu.<\/p>\n<p>Mezi \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e9 mohou zlep\u0161it s\u00edlu sval\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>posilov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> (zved\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed &#8211; \u010dinky, t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty nebo pomoc\u00ed stroj\u016f)<\/li>\n<li><strong>kalistenika<\/strong> (kliky, shyby, d\u0159epy, v\u00fdpady a pod.)<\/li>\n<li>elastick\u00e9 popruhy (guma na posilov\u00e1n\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li>\u010dinnosti, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch je nutn\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 n\u00e1maha<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Cukrovka a jej\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dba<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Regulace hladiny gluk\u00f3zy v krvi<\/strong> je hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem v l\u00e9\u010db\u011b diabetes mellitus (1. i 2. typu). Tak se p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed komplikac\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u00e9\u010dba diabetu 1. typu<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b diabetu 1. typu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tyto postupy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed inzul\u00ednu<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>cvi\u010den\u00ed<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>dieta<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Inzul\u00edn z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 hlavn\u00edm pil\u00ed\u0159em l\u00e9\u010dby pacient\u016f s diabetem 1. typu<\/strong>. Inzul\u00edn je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm prvkem terapie u diabetu 2. typu kdy\u017e hladiny gluk\u00f3zy v krvi nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 regulovat dietou, hubnut\u00edm, cvi\u010den\u00edm ani peror\u00e1ln\u00edmi l\u00e9ky.<\/p>\n<h3>Inzul\u00edn<\/h3>\n<p>V ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by se m\u011bl inzul\u00edn <strong>pod\u00e1vat zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd napodobuje p\u0159irozen\u00e9 vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed inzul\u00ednu<\/strong> zdravou slinivkou. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 napodobit slo\u017eit\u00fd zp\u016fsob p\u0159irozen\u00e9 sekrece inzul\u00ednu. Dostate\u010dnou kontrolu hladiny gluk\u00f3zy v krvi lze p\u0159esto dos\u00e1hnout d\u016fsledn\u00fdm stravov\u00e1n\u00edm, pravideln\u00fdm cvi\u010den\u00edm, dom\u00e1c\u00edm monitorov\u00e1n\u00edm hladiny gluk\u00f3zy v krvi a inzul\u00ednem.<\/p>\n<p>R\u016fzn\u00e9 typy inzul\u00edn\u016f se li\u0161\u00ed farmakokinetikou (\u010das, kdy za\u010dnou p\u016fsobit, a doba trv\u00e1n\u00ed jejich \u00fa\u010dinku po injekci). V sou\u010dasnosti dostupn\u00e9 typy inzulinu jsou:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 inzul\u00edny<\/strong>: Inzul\u00edn s rychle nastupuj\u00edc\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinkem. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinkovat 5 &#8211; 10 minut po pod\u00e1n\u00ed. Nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed efekt se objev\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b za 1 hodinu a \u00fa\u010dinek trv\u00e1 2 &#8211; 5 hodin. P\u0159\u00edklady jsou inzul\u00edn lispro a inzul\u00edn glulisin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>St\u0159edn\u011b dlouho \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00edc\u00ed inzul\u00edny<\/strong>: \u00da\u010dinek se projev\u00ed do 30 minut. Nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed efekt se dos\u00e1hne 2 &#8211; 4 hodiny po pod\u00e1n\u00ed a celkov\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek trv\u00e1 3 &#8211; 6 hodin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dlouhodob\u011b p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed komplexy inzul\u00ednu<\/strong>: \u00da\u010dinek se projev\u00ed do 3 &#8211; 10 hodin. Obvykle p\u016fsob\u00ed 20 &#8211; 24 hodin. Pod\u00e1v\u00e1 se pouze 1x denn\u011b. Mezi dlouhodob\u011b p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed analoga inzul\u00ednu pat\u0159\u00ed inzul\u00edn glargin a inzul\u00edn detemir. Tyto inzul\u00edny zpravidla sni\u017euj\u00ed hladinu gluk\u00f3zy rovnom\u011brn\u011b v pr\u016fb\u011bhu cel\u00fdch 24 hodin (bez velk\u00fdch v\u00fdkyv\u016f).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed inzul\u00ednu:<\/p>\n<h4>Inzulinov\u00e9 pera<\/h4>\n<p>Je to mal\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed velikosti pera. Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se z inzul\u00ednov\u00e9 kazety (obvykle obsahuje 300 jednotek). <strong>Mno\u017estv\u00ed inzul\u00ednu<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 se m\u00e1 injikovat, <strong>se nastavuje ot\u00e1\u010den\u00edm spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti pera<\/strong>, dokud se v okn\u011b na sledov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00e1vky nezobraz\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00fd po\u010det jednotek. \u0160pi\u010dka pera se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z jehly, kter\u00e1 se vym\u011b\u0148uje po ka\u017ed\u00e9 injekci. Uvol\u0148ovac\u00ed mechanismus umo\u017e\u0148uje jehle proniknout t\u011bsn\u011b pod k\u016f\u017ei a dodat po\u017eadovan\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed inzul\u00ednu.<\/p>\n<h4>Inzul\u00ednov\u00e1 pumpa<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Inzul\u00ednov\u00e1 pumpa se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z rezervo\u00e1ru<\/strong> podobn\u00e9ho inzul\u00ednov\u00e9 n\u00e1plni, <strong>pumpy<\/strong> ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 bateri\u00ed <strong>a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho \u010dipu<\/strong>, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u017eivateli kontrolovat p\u0159esn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed pod\u00e1van\u00e9ho inzul\u00ednu. Pumpa je p\u0159ipojena k tenk\u00e9 plastov\u00e9 zkumavce (infuzn\u00ed souprava), kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 na konci m\u011bkkou kanylu, p\u0159es kterou proch\u00e1z\u00ed inzul\u00edn. Tato kanyla se vkl\u00e1d\u00e1 pod k\u016f\u017ei, obvykle na b\u0159icho. <strong>Pumpa dod\u00e1v\u00e1 inzul\u00edn nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b 24 hodin denn\u011b<\/strong>. Mno\u017estv\u00ed inzul\u00ednu je naprogramov\u00e1no a pod\u00e1v\u00e1 se konstantn\u00ed rychlost\u00ed (baz\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e1vka). Mno\u017estv\u00ed inzul\u00ednu pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho b\u011bhem 24 hodin se \u010dasto li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na faktorech, jako je cvi\u010den\u00ed, \u00farove\u0148 aktivity, strava a sp\u00e1nek. Inzul\u00ednov\u00e1 pumpa umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u017eivateli naprogramovat n\u011bkolik r\u016fzn\u00fdch baz\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u00e1vek, v z\u00e1vislosti na zm\u011bn\u00e1ch v \u017eivotn\u00edm stylu. U\u017eivatel m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 naprogramovat pumpu tak, aby dod\u00e1vala dal\u0161\u00ed inzul\u00edn b\u011bhem j\u00eddla, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se pokryj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na inzul\u00edn zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 konzumac\u00ed sacharid\u016f.<\/p>\n<h4>Transplantace Langerhansov\u00fdch ostr\u016fvk\u016f<\/h4>\n<p>P\u0159i diabetu 1. typu se n\u011bkdy p\u0159istoup\u00ed k transplantaci Langerhansov\u00fdch ostr\u016fvk\u016f. Tato metoda se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edhod hypoglyk\u00e9mie.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u00e9\u010dba diabetu 2. typu<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b cukrovky 2. typu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tyto postupy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 se <strong>redukc\u00ed hmotnosti, cvi\u010den\u00edm<\/strong> a nasad\u00ed se <strong>dieta<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>l\u00e9ky na cukrovku<\/strong> (peror\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo injek\u010dn\u00ed) se p\u0159edep\u00ed\u0161\u00ed kdy\u017e tato opat\u0159en\u00ed nedok\u00e1\u017eou kontrolovat zv\u00fd\u0161enou <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/cukor-v-krvi\/\">hladinu cukru v krvi<\/a><\/li>\n<li>jestli\u017ee se jin\u00e9 l\u00e9ky stanou ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdmi, <strong>m\u016f\u017ee se zah\u00e1jit l\u00e9\u010dba inzulinem<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Hubnut\u00ed<\/h4>\n<p>Existuje mnoho studi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 potvrdily, \u017ee hubnut\u00ed m\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u00fd vliv na diabetes mellitus 2. typu. \u00dabytek hmotnosti u ob\u00e9zn\u00edch pacient\u016f <strong>m\u016f\u017ee zap\u0159\u00ed\u010dinit remise cukrovky 2. typu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4>Strava a cvi\u010den\u00ed<\/h4>\n<p>Mnoho lid\u00ed s cukrovkou 2. typu nebere \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 l\u00e9ky. Nam\u00edsto toho l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed cukrovku <a href=\"https:\/\/www.diabetes.org.uk\/diabetes-the-basics\/diabetes-treatments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">zdravou stravou a pohybem<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4>L\u00e9ky<\/h4>\n<p>Cukrovka 2. typu se spravuje l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed hladinu cukru v krvi. Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm je metformin, ale existuje mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u00e9ky na diabetes 2. typu (Or\u00e1ln\u011b u\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 l\u00e9ky)<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medicinenet.com\/diabetes_treatment\/article.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">L\u00e9ky na diabetes mellitus 2. typu<\/a> jsou navr\u017eeny tak, aby:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>zv\u00fd\u0161ily produkci inzul\u00ednu<\/strong> slinivkou<\/li>\n<li><strong>zv\u00fd\u0161ily citlivost bun\u011bk<\/strong> na inzul\u00edn<\/li>\n<li><strong>sn\u00ed\u017eili mno\u017estv\u00ed gluk\u00f3zy<\/strong> uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 z jater<\/li>\n<li><strong>sn\u00ed\u017eily absorpci cukr\u016f<\/strong> ze st\u0159eva<\/li>\n<li><strong>zajistily pomal\u00e9 vyprazd\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017ealudku<\/strong>, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zpomal\u00ed tr\u00e1ven\u00ed a vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivin (cukr\u016f) v tenk\u00e9m st\u0159ev\u011b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 l\u00e9ky mohou poskytnout <strong>v\u00edce ne\u017e jednu v\u00fdhodu<\/strong> (nap\u0159\u00edklad sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hladiny cukru, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/cholesterol-hodnoty\/\">hladiny cholesterolu v krvi<\/a> ). L\u00e9ky na diabetes 2. typu se <strong>\u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v kombinaci<\/strong>. Ne ka\u017ed\u00fd pacient s diabetem 2. typu bude m\u00edt u\u017eitek z ka\u017ed\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edpravku a ne ka\u017ed\u00fd l\u00e9k je univerz\u00e1ln\u011b vhodn\u00fd pro v\u0161echny pacienty.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e9ky na cukrovku 2. typu spadaj\u00ed do konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch t\u0159\u00edd na z\u00e1klad\u011b jejich zp\u016fsobu \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p>\n<p>Tyto t\u0159\u00eddy l\u00e9k\u016f zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n<h4>Deriv\u00e1ty sulfonylmo\u010doviny<\/h4>\n<p>L\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 <strong>zvy\u0161uj\u00ed produkci inzul\u00ednu<\/strong> ve slinivce b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed. Mezi nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed l\u00e9ky na b\u00e1zi sulfonylmo\u010doviny pat\u0159\u00ed glipizid (Glucotrol), gliklazid (Gliclada) a glimepirid (Amaryl).<\/p>\n<p>Tyto l\u00e9ky rychle sni\u017euj\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/cukor-v-krvi\/\">hladinu cukru v krvi<\/a>, ale mohou zp\u016fsobit abnorm\u00e1ln\u011b n\u00edzkou hladinu cukru v krvi (naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 hypoglyk\u00e9mie). P\u0159\u00edr\u016fstek na hmotnosti a nevolnost jsou tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00fdm vedlej\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinkem l\u00e9k\u016f na b\u00e1zi sulfonylmo\u010doviny.<\/p>\n<h4>Biguanidy (metformin)<\/h4>\n<p>Metformin je biguanidov\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010divo, kter\u00e9 <strong>zvy\u0161uje citlivost bun\u011bk t\u011bla na inzul\u00edn<\/strong>. Tak\u00e9 <strong>sni\u017euje mno\u017estv\u00ed gluk\u00f3zy produkovan\u00e9 v j\u00e1trech<\/strong>. V sou\u010dasnosti je st\u00e1le l\u00e9\u010divem volby p\u0159edepisovan\u00fdm na cukrovku 2. typu.<\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b toho m\u00e1 metformin <strong>tendenci potla\u010dovat chu\u0165 k j\u00eddlu<\/strong>, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 pro lidi s nadv\u00e1hou. M\u016f\u017ee se pod\u00e1vat spolu s jin\u00fdmi l\u00e9ky, jako jsou inzul\u00edn nebo jin\u00e9 peror\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e9ky.<\/p>\n<p>Mezi mo\u017en\u00e9 vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky metforminu pat\u0159\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/nechutenstvo-nevolnost-vracanie\/\">nevolnost<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/hnacka\/\">pr\u016fjem<\/a>. Obvykle \u010dasem ustoup\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h4>Meglitinidy<\/h4>\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako deriv\u00e1ty sulfonylmo\u010doviny, meglitinidy jsou skupinou l\u00e9k\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u016fsob\u00ed tak, \u017ee <strong>podporuj\u00ed vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed inzul\u00ednu z pankreatu<\/strong>. Na rozd\u00edl od nich v\u0161ak <strong>p\u016fsob\u00ed krat\u0161\u00ed dobu<\/strong>. Repaglinid (NovoNorm) a nateglinid p\u016fsob\u00ed velmi kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b, s maxim\u00e1ln\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky do jedn\u00e9 hodiny. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu se pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed a\u017e 3x denn\u011b t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed j\u00eddlem.<\/p>\n<p>Proto\u017ee tyto l\u00e9ky zvy\u0161uj\u00ed hladinu cirkuluj\u00edc\u00edho inzul\u00ednu, mohou zp\u016fsobit hypoglyk\u00e9mii. P\u0159\u00edr\u016fstek hmotnosti je tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00fdm vedlej\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinkem.<\/p>\n<h4>Glitazony<\/h4>\n<p>Tato l\u00e9\u010diva sni\u017euj\u00ed hladinu gluk\u00f3zy v krvi <strong>zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm citlivosti bun\u011bk na inzul\u00edn<\/strong>. Tak\u00e9 sni\u017euj\u00ed hladinu mastn\u00fdch kyselin a cholesterolu a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b maj\u00ed i <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/ateroskleroza\/\">antiaterosklerotick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky<\/a>. Pat\u0159\u00ed sem pioglitazon (Pioglitazone Actavis) a rosiglitazon.<\/p>\n<p>Tyto l\u00e9ky jsou spojeny se z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdmi vedlej\u0161\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky, jako je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko srde\u010dn\u00edho selh\u00e1n\u00ed a zlomenin kost\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edr\u016fstek na hmotnosti je dal\u0161\u00edm mo\u017en\u00fdm vedlej\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm. Tyto l\u00e9ky se obvykle nepod\u00e1vaj\u00ed jako l\u00e9\u010dba prvn\u00ed linie, ale pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 lidi mohou b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h4>Inhibitory alfa-glukosid\u00e1zy<\/h4>\n<p>L\u00e9ky t\u00e9to t\u0159\u00eddy <strong>sni\u017euj\u00ed absorpci sacharid\u016f ze st\u0159eva<\/strong>. Alfa-glukosid\u00e1za je enzym pod\u00edlej\u00edc\u00ed se na \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed sacharid\u016f. Ne\u017e se sacharidy v tenk\u00e9m st\u0159ev\u011b absorbuj\u00ed do krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu, mus\u00ed jich enzymy rozlo\u017eit na men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice (nap\u0159. na <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/glukoza-hroznovy-cukor\/\">gluk\u00f3zu<\/a>). Jeden z enzym\u016f pod\u00edlej\u00edc\u00edch se na \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed sacharid\u016f se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 alfa-glukosid\u00e1za. Inhibic\u00ed tohoto enzymu se sacharidy nerozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed tak efektivn\u011b a absorpce gluk\u00f3zy je opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Pat\u0159\u00ed sem nap\u0159\u00edklad Akarb\u00f3za, kter\u00e1 zpomaluje rychl\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst hladiny gluk\u00f3zy po j\u00eddle u diabetes mellitus 2. i 1. typu.<\/p>\n<p>Tyto l\u00e9ky mohou zp\u016fsobit gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky (jako je <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/bolest-brucha\/\">bolest b\u0159icha<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/hnacka\/\">pr\u016fjem<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/nafuknute-brucho-naduvanie\/\">plynatost<\/a>).<\/p>\n<h4>Inhibitory SGLT2<\/h4>\n<p>Tato skupina l\u00e9k\u016f se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b diabetu 2. typu. Jsou to peror\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 <strong>blokuj\u00ed resorpci gluk\u00f3zy ledvinami, co\u017e vede ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed gluk\u00f3zy a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hladiny cukru v krvi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Mezi inhibitory SGLT2 pat\u0159\u00ed kanaglifloz\u00edn (Invokana), dapaglifloz\u00edn (Forxiga) a empaglifloz\u00edn (Jardiance).<\/p>\n<p>Vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky mohou zahrnovat <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/vaginalna-mykoza-lieky-liecba\/\">vagin\u00e1ln\u00ed kvasinkovou infekci<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/zapal-mocovych-ciest-cystitida\/\">infekci mo\u010dov\u00fdch cest<\/a>. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 z t\u011bchto l\u00e9\u010div se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 samostatn\u011b, ale i v kombinaci s jin\u00fdmi l\u00e9\u010divy (nap\u0159. s l\u00e9\u010divy metformin, deriv\u00e1ty sulfonylmo\u010doviny, pioglitazon a inzul\u00edn).<\/p>\n<h4>Inhibitory DPP-4<\/h4>\n<p>Inkretin je p\u0159irozen\u00fd hormon, kter\u00fd <strong>\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 t\u011blu, aby po j\u00eddle uvol\u0148ovalo inzul\u00edn<\/strong>. Enzym naz\u00fdvan\u00fd dipeptidyl peptid\u00e1za-4 (DPP-4) odstra\u0148uje inkretin z t\u011bla. Inhibitory DPP-4 zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee inkretin z\u016fstane v t\u011ble d\u00e9le. To vede k uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed inzul\u00ednu (co\u017e sni\u017euje hladinu cukru v krvi).<\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010divo v t\u00e9to t\u0159\u00edd\u011b se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 sitagliptin (Januvia). Dal\u0161\u00edmi \u010dleny t\u00e9to skupiny l\u00e9k\u016f jsou saxagliptin (Onglyza), linaglipt\u00edn (Trajenta), aloglipt\u00edn (Vipidia) a vildagliptin (Galvus).<\/p>\n<p>Mezi vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky inhibitor\u016f DPP-4 pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky infekc\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest a mo\u010dov\u00fdch cest. Nezap\u0159\u00ed\u010di\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstek hmotnosti.<\/p>\n<h4>Agonisty GLP-1 receptoru (injek\u010dn\u00ed)<\/h4>\n<p>GLP-1 (glukagonu podobn\u00fd peptid-1) je inkretin. U\u017e v\u00edme, \u017ee inkretin je hormon, kter\u00fd <strong>signalizuje t\u011blu, aby po j\u00eddle uvol\u0148oval inzul\u00edn<\/strong>. Agonista GLP-1 \u00fa\u010dinkuje podobn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jako inhibitory DPP-4 stimulac\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinku inkretinov\u00fdch GLP-1. Jeho \u00fa\u010dinky jsou v\u0161ak siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u00fa\u010dinky inhibitor\u016f DPP-4. Agonisty GLP-1 jsou tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako &#8222;mimetika inkret\u00ednu&#8220;.<\/p>\n<div class=\"erit-block erit-block-interesting\">\n<p><strong>Exenatid (Byetta) byl prvn\u00ed l\u00e9k skupiny agonisty GLP-1<\/strong>. Poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho zdroje &#8211; <strong>ze slin je\u0161t\u011brky<\/strong> zvan\u00e9 Gila monster. V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee tato mal\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011brka <strong>vydr\u017e\u00ed bez j\u00eddla dlouhou dobu<\/strong>. Objevili v jej\u00edch slin\u00e1ch l\u00e1tku, kter\u00e1 zpomaluje vyprazd\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017ealudku. D\u00edky tomu je je\u0161t\u011brka syt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po del\u0161\u00ed dobu. Tato l\u00e1tka je podobn\u00e1 hormonu GLP-1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Od t\u00e9 doby byly v t\u00e9to t\u0159\u00edd\u011b vyvinuty i dal\u0161\u00ed l\u00e9ky. Zahrnuj\u00ed liraglutid (Victoza), dlouho p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed exenatid (Byetta), semaglutid (Ozempic) a dulaglutid (Trulicity).<\/p>\n<p>Tyto l\u00e9ky <strong>zpomaluj\u00ed vyprazd\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017ealudku a zpomaluj\u00ed uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed gluk\u00f3zy z jater<\/strong>. T\u00edm reguluj\u00ed i absorpci \u017eivin st\u0159evem. Mohou tak\u00e9 p\u016fsobit v mozku p\u0159i regulaci hladu, a proto se \u010dasto spojuj\u00ed s \u00fabytkem hmotnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Tato skupina l\u00e9k\u016f se nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 samostatn\u011b, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e v kombinaci s jin\u00fdmi l\u00e9ky. Mezi mo\u017en\u00e9 ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky pat\u0159\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/nechutenstvo-nevolnost-vracanie\/\">nevolnost<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/pankreatitida-zapal-pankreasu\/\">zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko pankreatitidy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4>Cukrovka 2. typu a kombinace l\u00e9k\u016f<\/h4>\n<p>Cukrovka se m\u016f\u017ee l\u00e9\u010dit i kombinac\u00ed l\u00e9\u010div. Kombinuj\u00ed se nap\u0159\u00edklad tato:<\/p>\n<p>Glibenklamid \/ metformin (Glibomet), empaglifloz\u00edn \/ metformin (Synjardy), aloglipt\u00edn \/ metformin (Vipdomet), linaglipt\u00edn \/ metformin (Jentadueto) a metformin \/ sitagliptin (Janumet). Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se v\u0161ak i jin\u00e9 kombinace.<\/p>\n<h3>Alternativn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dba cukrovky<\/h3>\n<p>Vyskytlo se n\u011bkolik mal\u00fdch, <strong>omezen\u00fdch studi\u00ed<\/strong> (i neofici\u00e1ln\u00edch zpr\u00e1v) o tom, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e9 druhy alternativn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby mohou pomoci regulovat hladinu gluk\u00f3zy v krvi u lid\u00ed s cukrovkou. Pat\u0159\u00ed sem <strong>bylinky a potravinov\u00e9 dopl\u0148ky<\/strong>, nap\u0159.: \u010desnek, sko\u0159ice, k\u00e1va, kyselina alfa-lipoov\u00e1, aloe vera, \u017een\u0161en, tulsi, <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/recenzia-psyllium\/\">psyllium<\/a>, chrom, <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/koenzym-q10\/\">koenzym Q10<\/a> nebo <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/magne-b6\/\">ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Nicm\u00e9n\u011b tyto l\u00e1tky <a href=\"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/lieky-vyzivove-doplnky-rozdiel\/\"><strong>nejsou klasifikovan\u00e9 jako l\u00e9ky<\/strong><\/a>, a proto nejsou jako takov\u00e9 regulovan\u00e9. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 normy pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed toho, aby dan\u00fd produkt skute\u010dn\u011b obsahoval l\u00e1tku (nebo jej\u00ed d\u00e1vku), jak\u00e1 je naps\u00e1na na etiket\u011b. Neexistuj\u00ed ani po\u017eadavky na proveden\u00ed studi\u00ed prokazuj\u00edc\u00edch, \u017ee v\u00fdrobky jsou bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 nebo \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. Vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky dopl\u0148k\u016f v\u00fd\u017eivy obvykle nejsou dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9 a n\u011bkter\u00e9 dopl\u0148ky mohou interferovat s p\u016fsoben\u00edm l\u00e9k\u016f. Proto o podobn\u00fdch l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch v\u017edy informujte l\u00e9ka\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nen\u00ed dostatek d\u016fkaz\u016f na podporu pou\u017eit\u00ed alternativn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby cukrovky<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>Shrnut\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Cukrovka je charakterizov\u00e1na <strong>neschopnost\u00ed organismu zpracov\u00e1vat gluk\u00f3zu<\/strong> a udr\u017eovat jej\u00ed hladinu ve fyziologick\u00fdch rozmez\u00edch. <strong>Zn\u00e1me 2 typy<\/strong>: Cukrovka 1. typu a cukrovka 2. typu. <strong>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 forma m\u00e1 p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b sv\u00e1 specifika<\/strong>, ov\u0161em to, \u017ee dieta a cvi\u010den\u00ed jsou velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 plat\u00ed u obou stejn\u011b. Strava a fyzick\u00e1 aktivita mohou m\u00edt velk\u00fd vliv na pr\u016fb\u011bh onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a kvalitu \u017eivota cukrovk\u00e1\u0159e. Pokud nepomohou re\u017eimov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, l\u00e9ka\u0159 obvykle nasad\u00ed l\u00e9ky. P\u0159i diabetes mellitus 1. typu je to inzul\u00edn a p\u0159i DM 2. typu peror\u00e1ln\u00ed antidiabetika.<\/p>\n<div class=\"erit-block erit-block-tip\"> Pokud zn\u00e1te cukrovk\u00e1\u0159e nebo j\u00edm s\u00e1m jste, pod\u011blte se s n\u00e1mi v koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch: Jak\u00fd maj\u00ed vliv cvi\u010den\u00ed a dieta na va\u0161i cukrovku? <strong>Jak\u00e1 strava je osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e1<\/strong>? <\/div>\n<div class='erit-disclaimer'><span class='erit-disclaimer-icon'><span class='erit-disclaimer-text'>!<\/span><\/span><span class='erit-disclaimer-text'>\u010cl\u00e1nek byl vypracov\u00e1n l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00edkem av\u0161ak, slou\u017e\u00ed pouze pro informativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely - nenahrazuje l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, nebo osobn\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed v l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u011b.<\/span><\/div>\n<script type='text\/javascript' >\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\n    \n                    let data = {\n                        'action': 'render_widget_action',\n                        'postId': null,\n                        'categoryId': null\n                    };\n    \n                    let ajaxUrlFromPHP = 'https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php';\n                    jQuery.post(ajaxUrlFromPHP, data, function(response) {\n                        if(response == 0){\n                            \/\/ chyba\n                            jQuery( '#eap_top_w' ).html( '' );\n                            jQuery( '#eap_top_w_wrap' ).hide();\n                        } if(response == -1){\n                            \/\/ nenasli ziadne produkty\n                            jQuery( '#eap_top_w' ).html( '' );\n                            jQuery( '#eap_top_w_wrap' ).hide();\n                        } else {\n                            let desktop = $(window).width() > 960;\n                            if(desktop){\n                                jQuery( '#eap_top_w' ).html( response );\n                                jQuery( '#eap_top_w_wrap' ).fadeIn(1000);\n                            } else {\n                                jQuery( '#eap_top_w_mob_chart' ).html( response );\n                                jQuery( '#eap_top_w_mob' ).fadeIn(1000); 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Mezi p\u0159\u00edznaky vysok\u00e9 hladiny cukru v krvi pat\u0159\u00ed \u010dast\u00e9 mo\u010den\u00ed, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 \u017e\u00edze\u0148 a \u010dast\u00fd hlad. Pokud se diabetes nel\u00e9\u010d\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit mnoho komplikac\u00ed. Mezi ty v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed mozkov\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edhoda, kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, \u010di po\u0161kozen\u00ed o\u010d\u00ed. P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si jak\u00e1 je vhodn\u00e1 strava, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20811,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[78,79],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Cukrovka (diabetes mellitus) - strava, l\u00e9\u010dba, cvi\u010den\u00ed | Zdravov\u011bk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cukrovka jde ruku v ruce s dietou. Jak\u00e1 je vhodn\u00e1 strava a zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 potraviny? Jak\u00e1 je l\u00e9\u010dba p\u0159i diabetes mellitus? 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