{"id":22885,"date":"2020-04-17T07:33:35","date_gmt":"2020-04-17T05:33:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/?p=22885"},"modified":"2020-09-11T18:51:04","modified_gmt":"2020-09-11T16:51:04","slug":"hepatitida-zloutenka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/cs\/hepatitida-zloutenka\/","title":{"rendered":"Hepatitida (\u017eloutenka) – typy hepatitidy, p\u0159\u00edznaky, p\u0159enos, o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hepatitida je virov\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 charakteristick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky<\/strong>: ze\u017eloutnut\u00ed poko\u017eky, o\u010dn\u00edho b\u011blma, ale i ostatn\u00edch tk\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Existuje n\u011bkolik typ\u016f hepatitidy<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1m v jednoduchosti pop\u00ed\u0161eme. V \u010dl\u00e1nku tak\u00e9 zjist\u00edte, v \u010dem se li\u0161\u00ed \u017eloutenka a hepatitida.<\/p>\n\n

Co je to hepatitida (a \u017eloutenka)?<\/h2>\n

Hepatitida je z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jater<\/strong>, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 koncentraci \u017elut\u00e9ho \u017elu\u010dov\u00e9ho barviva bilirubinu v krvi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Pojem \u017eloutenka se v hovorov\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako synonymum hepatitidy. K \u017eloutence jako symptomu v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt i p\u0159i jin\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i \u017elut\u00e9 zimnici.<\/p>\n

Formy hepatitidy<\/h3>\n

Zn\u00e1me n\u011bkolik typ\u016f hepatitidy:<\/p>\n

Hepatitida typu A<\/h4>\n

Hepatitida typu A<\/strong> – laicky i nemoc \u0161pinav\u00fdch rukou<\/strong>. P\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed se p\u0159es \u0161pinav\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty<\/strong>, n\u00e1sledn\u011b pak p\u0159es naka\u017een\u00e9 ruce p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu. Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd je v subklinick\u00e9m st\u00e1diu (to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky). K p\u0159enosu m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt i p\u0159es kontaminovanou vodu nebo potraviny<\/strong>. P\u0159enos krv\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00fd, ale jen v prvn\u00edch 6 t\u00fddnech od naka\u017een\u00ed. Inkuba\u010dn\u00ed doba \u017eloutenky typu A je 2 a\u017e 8 t\u00fddn\u016f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Hepatitida typu B<\/h4>\n

Hepatitida typu B –<\/strong> m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dast\u00e1, ale z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed forma hepatitidy<\/strong>. Jej\u00edm rizikem je to, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ej\u00edt do chronick\u00e9ho stadia. P\u0159enos hepatitidy typu B je mo\u017en\u00fd: krv\u00ed, p\u0159i porodu z matky na plod, t\u011blesn\u00fdmi sekrety (sex, l\u00edb\u00e1n\u00ed). Inkuba\u010dn\u00ed doba je 30 – 180 dn\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Hepatitida typu C<\/h4>\n

Hepatitida typu C<\/strong> je forma hepatitidy, kter\u00e1 je \u010dast\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na u injek\u010dn\u00edch u\u017eivatel\u016f drog<\/strong>. Vz\u00e1cn\u00fd, ale mo\u017en\u00fd je i p\u0159enos krevn\u00edmi transfuzemi<\/strong>. Virus hepatitidy se vz\u00e1cn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159en\u00e9st i pohlavn\u00edm stykem.<\/p>\n

Hepatitida typu D<\/h4>\n

K Hepatitid\u011b typu D<\/strong> doch\u00e1z\u00ed u pacient\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli naka\u017eeni hepatitidou typu B<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Hepatitida typu E<\/h4>\n

Hepatitida typu E<\/strong> se vyskytuje zejm\u00e9na v zem\u00edch t\u0159et\u00edho sv\u011bta<\/strong>. Jej\u00ed p\u0159enos je p\u0159es kontaminovanou potravu a vodu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edznaky hepatitidy<\/h3>\n

Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 ve t\u0159ech st\u00e1di\u00edch<\/strong>. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 z nich m\u00e1 charakteristick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. f\u00e1ze onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se podob\u00e1 ch\u0159ipce<\/strong>. Pacient se celkov\u011b c\u00edt\u00ed vy\u010derpan\u011b a nemocn\u011b, objevuj\u00ed se bolesti kloub\u016f, hlavy, probl\u00e9my s tr\u00e1ven\u00edm<\/strong><\/a>, pr\u016fjem<\/a>, z\u00e1cpa<\/a>, bolesti b\u0159icha<\/a>. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch lid\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee objevit i sv\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee. J\u00e1tra a slezina mohou b\u00fdt zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00e9<\/strong>, jsou citliv\u00e9 na dotek.<\/li>\n
  2. f\u00e1ze je samotn\u00e1 \u017eloutenka (ikterus) se sv\u00fdmi typick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky. K\u016f\u017ee a b\u011blmo pacienta se zbarvuj\u00ed do \u017eluta<\/strong>, na jazyku se tvo\u0159\u00ed b\u00edl\u00fd povlak. M\u011bn\u00ed se barva mo\u010di (tmav\u0161\u00ed) a stolice (sv\u011btlej\u0161\u00ed). J\u00e1tra a slezina jsou v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a bolestiv\u00e9.<\/li>\n
  3. f\u00e1ze – doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f<\/strong>, pacient se zotavuje, zlep\u0161uj\u00ed se biochemick\u00e9 parametry.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u017dloutenka u novorozenc\u016f<\/h2>\n

    Novorozeneck\u00e1 \u017eloutenka se vyskytuje u t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ech p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b narozen\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho druh\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte narozen\u00e9ho v term\u00ednu<\/strong>. Ve velk\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f nen\u00ed novorozeneck\u00e1 \u017eloutenka z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd stav. <\/span>\n

    V l\u00e9\u010db\u011b novorozeneck\u00e9 \u017eloutenky se postupuje konzervativn\u011b – \u010dast\u00e9 kojen\u00ed<\/strong> a fototerapie. Miminko vystavujte co nejv\u00edce denn\u00edmu sv\u011btlu<\/strong>, proto post\u00fdlku p\u0159isu\u0148te sm\u011brem k oknu. L\u00e9ka\u0159 m\u016f\u017ee zvolit i osv\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed novorozence pod modr\u00fdm sv\u011btlem.<\/p>\n

    Hepatitida a o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n

    O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti hepatitid\u011b B pat\u0159\u00ed mezi povinn\u00e1 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/strong>. O\u010dkuje se v takzvan\u00e9 hexavalentn\u00ed vakc\u00edn\u011b ve 3., 5. a mezi 11. – 12. m\u011bs\u00edcem \u017eivota d\u00edt\u011bte. O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed je stejn\u011b povinn\u00e9 pro osoby, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed do kontaktu s osobou naka\u017eenou hepatitidou typu B.<\/p>\n

    O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti hepatitid\u011b typu A je povinn\u00e9 pouze pro zdravotnick\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky<\/strong> a osoby \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v oblasti s vysok\u00fdm v\u00fdskytem hepatitidy A. Doporu\u010den\u00e9<\/strong> je u lid\u00ed s chronick\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm jater<\/strong>. U d\u011bt\u00ed se doporu\u010duje p\u0159ed n\u00e1stupem do kolektivu a p\u0159ed cestov\u00e1n\u00edm do exotick\u00fdch zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Shrnut\u00ed<\/h2>\n

    Hepatitida je virov\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jater<\/a><\/strong>. Laicky se n\u011bkdy ozna\u010duje jako \u017eloutenka, av\u0161ak nen\u00ed to tent\u00fd\u017e pojem<\/strong>. \u017dloutenka je stupe\u0148 hepatitidy, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se objevuj\u00ed charakteristick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky – \u017eloutnut\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee, b\u011blma, bolesti jater a sleziny. O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti hepatitid\u011b typu B<\/a> je povinn\u00e9, o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti hepatitid\u011b A \u0159ad\u00edme mezi voliteln\u00e9.<\/p>\n

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