{"id":22306,"date":"2020-03-18T07:05:22","date_gmt":"2020-03-18T06:05:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/?p=22306"},"modified":"2020-09-11T18:52:55","modified_gmt":"2020-09-11T16:52:55","slug":"slepe-strevo-zanet-slepeho-streva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zdravovek.eu\/cs\/slepe-strevo-zanet-slepeho-streva\/","title":{"rendered":"Slep\u00e9 st\u0159evo a z\u00e1n\u011bt slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva (apendicitida) – p\u0159\u00edznaky, strava + kde je slep\u00e9 st\u0159evo?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Slep\u00e9 st\u0159evo je laick\u00fd v\u00fdraz pro \u010d\u00e1st tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu s n\u00e1zvem \u010dervovit\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eek slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva<\/strong>. K jeho z\u00e1n\u011btu doch\u00e1z\u00ed hlavn\u011b u mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed. Zn\u00e1me dv\u011b formy z\u00e1n\u011btu slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva: akutn\u00ed apendicitida<\/strong> (ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f) a chronick\u00e1<\/strong> (z\u0159\u00eddka).<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edm\u00e1 v\u00e1s, na co n\u00e1m slou\u017e\u00ed slep\u00e9 st\u0159evo<\/strong>? A jak\u00e9 m\u00e1 z\u00e1n\u011bt slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva p\u0159\u00edznaky?<\/p>\n\n

Slep\u00e9 st\u0159evo a jeho funkce<\/h2>\n

M\u00e1 slep\u00e9 st\u0159evo n\u011bjakou funkci, nebo je jen zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm rudimentem?<\/p>\n

Po dlouhou dobu se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee slep\u00e9 st\u0159evo nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dnou d\u016fle\u017eitou funkci. Zjistilo se v\u0161ak, \u017ee u plodu a mlad\u00fdch dosp\u011bl\u00fdch m\u00e1 apendix v\u00fdznamnou roli<\/strong>. Nach\u00e1zej\u00ed se v n\u011bm endogenn\u00ed bu\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed produkovat biogenn\u00ed aminy<\/a> a n\u011bkter\u00e9 peptidov\u00e9 hormony<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 reguluj\u00ed homeost\u00e1zu (rovnov\u00e1hu vnit\u0159n\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed).<\/p>\n

U dosp\u011bl\u00fdch lid\u00ed se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 hlavn\u011b imunitn\u00ed funkce slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva<\/strong> (lok\u00e1ln\u00ed i syst\u00e9mov\u00e1). Po narozen\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed ve slep\u00e9m st\u0159ev\u011b k tvorb\u011b lymfatick\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b<\/strong>. Lymfatick\u00e1 tk\u00e1\u0148 slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva umo\u017e\u0148uje zr\u00e1n\u00ed B-lymfocyt\u016f<\/strong> (typ b\u00edl\u00fdch krvinek) a tvorbu IgA protil\u00e1tek<\/strong>. Lymfatick\u00e9 tk\u00e1\u0148 ve slep\u00e9m st\u0159ev\u011b n\u00e1sledn\u011b distribuuje tyto imunitn\u00ed slo\u017eky do \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bla, kde jsou pot\u0159eba.<\/p>\n

Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed aktivitu m\u00e1 tato tk\u00e1\u0148 mezi 20. – 30. rokem \u017eivota, n\u00e1sledn\u011b rychle kles\u00e1. Po 60. roce \u017eivota<\/strong> je imunitn\u00ed funkce slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva zanedbateln\u00e1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Kde je slep\u00e9 st\u0159evo?<\/h3>\n

V\u00edte, na kter\u00e9 stran\u011b je slep\u00e9 st\u0159evo?<\/p>\n

Poloha slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva je v prav\u00e9 doln\u00ed stran\u011b b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed dutiny<\/strong>. Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed apendixu je na slep\u00e9m konci tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva, kter\u00fd le\u017e\u00ed pod v\u00fdvodem tenk\u00e9ho st\u0159eva. Apendix m\u00e1 velikost 2 – 20 cm<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

U 1 \u010dlov\u011bka z 10 000 se slep\u00e9 st\u0159evo nach\u00e1z\u00ed na lev\u00e9 stran\u011b, u 1 ze 100 000 slep\u00e9 st\u0159evo chyb\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1n\u011bt slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva (apendicitida)<\/h2>\n

Z\u00e1n\u011bt slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva \u0159ad\u00edme mezi n\u00e1hl\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edhody b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed<\/strong>. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i n\u011bm k uzav\u0159en\u00ed st\u0159eva, rychl\u00e9mu mno\u017een\u00ed bakteri\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u011b se rozvine z\u00e1n\u011bt<\/strong>. Z\u00e1n\u011bt slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt akutn\u00ed nebo chronick\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Akutn\u00ed apendicitida (akutn\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bt slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva)<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. V prvn\u00ed a druh\u00e9 f\u00e1zi je z\u00e1n\u011bt pouze m\u00edrn\u00fd<\/strong>, tk\u00e1\u0148 nen\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b po\u0161kozena. Apendix je z\u010dervenal\u00fd, m\u00edrn\u011b otekl\u00fd. Pokud se onemocn\u011bn\u00ed poda\u0159\u00ed zachytit ji\u017e v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi, v\u011bt\u0161inou nen\u00ed nutn\u00e1 operace.<\/li>\n
  2. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed f\u00e1zi je z\u00e1n\u011bt rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd, tk\u00e1\u0148 se rychle po\u0161kozuje, je p\u0159\u00edtomen hnis<\/strong>. Pokud se stav ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed opera\u010dn\u011b, slep\u00e9 st\u0159evo nekrotizuju (odum\u00edr\u00e1).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Rizikem nel\u00e9\u010den\u00e9 apendicitidy je prasknut\u00ed \u010dervovit\u00e9ho v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eku slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva<\/strong>. To by m\u011blo za n\u00e1sledek p\u0159enesen\u00ed bakteri\u00ed do cel\u00e9 b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed dutiny. P\u0159i nel\u00e9\u010den\u00e9 apendicitid\u011b hroz\u00ed i vznik mal\u00fdch bolav\u00fdch v\u0159\u00eddk\u016f v oblasti apendixu.<\/p>\n

    \"Z\u00e1n\u011bt
    Z\u00e1n\u011bt slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva (apendicitida) – srovn\u00e1n\u00ed: norm\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u0159evo a zan\u00edcen\u00e9 st\u0159evo (Zdroj: 123rf.com)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Chronick\u00e1 apendicitida (chronick\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva)<\/h3>\n

    Chronick\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva je pom\u011brn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00fd, vyskytuje se u 1,5 % v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f<\/strong> z\u00e1n\u011btu apendixu. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou chronick\u00e9 apendicitidy je ucp\u00e1n\u00ed oblasti slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva, nap\u0159\u00edklad vlivem dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1cpy nebo p\u0159i kalcifikaci v\u00fdm\u011b\u0161k\u016f<\/strong> – st\u0159evn\u00ed apendixov\u00e9 kameny.<\/p>\n

    K chronick\u00e9 apendicitid\u011b m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt i ze stejn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din jako p\u0159i akutn\u00ed – p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami mohou b\u00fdt:<\/p>\n